CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

Dr.S.P.Sunantha1 Comment
Phew! 😂

STUDY NOTES ⚕️

Clinical Presentation:

👩‍⚕️ Chronic cough often with hemoptysis.

👨‍⚕️ Pyrexia of unknown origin.

👩‍⚕️ Unresolved Pneumonia.

👨‍⚕️ Exudative pleural effusion.

👩‍⚕️ Asymptomatic (diagnosis on chest radiograph)

👨‍⚕️ Weight loss, general debility.

👩‍⚕️ Spontaneous Pneumonia.

Time from infection and Manifestations:

🕗 3 – 8 weeks ➡️ Primary Complex, Positive tuberculin skin test.

🕕 3 – 6 months ➡️ Meningeal, miliary and pleural disease.

🕒 Upto 3 years ➡️ Gastrointestinal, bone and joint and lymph node disease.

🕣 Around 8 years ➡️ Renal tract disease.

🕞 From 3 years onwards ➡️ Post primary disease due to reactivation or reinfection.

SOURCE: Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine (19th edition)

~Sunantha✍️

Biological Considerations of Dental Materials

Poojitha SurgiLeave a comment

The biological considerations of dental materials cannot be isolated from their physical properties.

Biological requirements of Dental Materials

A dental material should:

  1. Be non-toxic to the body.

2. Be non-irritant to the oral or other tissues.

3. Not produce allergic reactions.

4. Not be mutagenic or carcinogenic.

Examples of hazards from chemicals in Dental Materials

✔Some dental cements are acidic and may cause pulp irritation.

✔Polymer based filling materials may contain irritating chemicals such as unreacted monomers, which can irritate the pulp.

✔Phosphoric acid is used as an etchant for enamel.

✔Mercury is used in dental amalgam, mercury vapor is toxic.

✔Dust from alginate impression materials may be inhaled, some products contain lead compounds.

✔Monomer in denture base materials is a potential irritant.

✔Some people are allergic to alloys containing nickel.

✔During grinding of beryllium containing casting alloys, inhalation of beryllium dust can cause berylliosis.

✔Some dental porcelain powders contain uranium.

✔Metallic compounds (e.g. of lead and tin) are used in elastomeric impression materials.

✔Eugenol in impression pastes can cause irritation and burning in some patients.

✔Laboratory materials have their hazards, such as: cyanide solution for electroplating, vapours from low fusing metal dies, siliceous particles in investment materials, fluxes containing fluorides, and asbestos.

✔Some periodontal dressing materials have contained asbestos fibres.

REFERENCES:

1.Textbook of Dental Materials – John J Manappallil

2.Images – Google

Finishing and Polishing: Goals & Benefits

Poojitha SurgiLeave a comment

🎯 GOALS…

  1. To obtain : ✔ Desired anatomy ✔ Proper occlusion ✔ Reduction of roughness, depth of gouges & scratches
  2. Polished surface should be smooth enough to be well tolerated by oral soft tissues and to resist bacterial adhesion & excessive plaque accumulation.
  3. When plaque deposits exist on restorative material surfaces, they should be easily removable by brushing & flossing.

⭐ BENEFITS ⭐

  1. BETTER GINGIVAL HEALTH:- A well contoured & polished restoration resists the accumulation of food debris and pathogenic bacteria. ✔ Food glides more freely over occlusal & embrasure surfaces during mastication.
  2. CHEWING EFFICIENCY:- Strength is improved especially in surfaces where more occlusal forces are applied.
  3. PATIENT COMFORT:- Patient can detect a surface roughness change of less than 1um ✔ Smooth restoration surfaces minimize wear rates on opposing & adjacent teeth.
  4. ESTHETICS:- Finishing and polishing aid in esthetics.
  5. TARNISH & CORROSION:- It can be reduced in metallic restoration.
  6. HYGIENE:- Smoother surfaces have less retention areas & are easier to maintain in a hygienic state when preventive oral care is practiced ( dental floss & toothbrush bristles )

REFERENCE:- STURDEVANTS – CONS. DENTISTRY