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VIVA QUESTIONS ON FINISHING AND DETAILING

Anisha ValliLeave a comment

🔹 Basic Concepts

Q1. What is finishing in orthodontics?
Finishing is the final stage before debonding where teeth are positioned to achieve optimal stability, esthetics, function, and periodontal health.

Q2. How did McLaughlin define finishing?
Correction of previous errors, overcorrection where required, and settling of occlusion.

Q3. What is detailing?
Precise 3D positioning of individual teeth involving tip, torque, in-out, and rotational corrections.

Q4. Finishing vs detailing?
Finishing is overall occlusal optimization; detailing is individual tooth refinement.

🔹 Concepts in Finishing

Q5. What is arch-bound condition?
A situation where stiff rectangular wires prevent complete seating of teeth into ideal occlusion due to limited play.

Q6. Why is settling required?
Because rigid wires prevent complete intercuspation; settling allows final occlusal seating.

Q7. Methods of settling?

  • Light round wires + vertical elastics
  • Posterior wire removal + vertical elastics
  • Tooth positioner after debonding

🔹 Dougherty & Keys

Q8. Who proposed finishing factors and when?
Dougherty, 1976 (USC lecture series).

Q9. Mention Dougherty factors.

Think in 4 clusters:

1. Skeletal & AP

  • AP correction + overcorrection
  • Cephalometric goals
  • Profile evaluation

2. Tooth Position

  • Tip
  • Torque
  • Rotations
  • Root parallelism

3. Arch & Occlusion

  • Arch form/width
  • Interdigitation
  • Marginal ridges
  • Occlusal plane

4. Functional & Stability

  • Midlines
  • Space closure
  • TMJ function
  • Habits

Q10. What are Andrews’ six keys?

  • Interarch relationship
  • Crown angulation
  • Crown inclination
  • No rotations
  • Tight contacts
  • Curve of Spee

Q11. What is the seventh key?
Tooth size proportion (Bolton analysis, 91.3%91.3%).

🔹 ABO & Evaluation

Q12. When were ABO goals established?
June 2012.

Q13. How does ABO evaluate finishing?
Using grading of study models and panoramic radiographs.

Q14. What are radiographic goals?
Parallel roots and perpendicular to occlusal plane.

Q15. ABO model criteria?

  • Alignment
  • Marginal ridges
  • Buccolingual inclination
  • Occlusal contacts
  • Occlusal relationships
  • Overjet
  • Interproximal contacts

🔹 Overcorrection Concepts

Q16. Proffit’s view on overcorrection?
1–2 mm overcorrection to counter relapse.

Q17. Zachrisson’s recommendation?
~10% overcorrection for rotations/displacements.

Q18. McLaughlin protocol in Class II?
End-to-end overcorrection + nighttime elastics → settle to Class I.

🔹 Root & Torque Concepts

Q19. What is Raleigh Williams key?
Lower incisor apices should diverge distally; canine apex distal to crown.

Q20. What is rolling-in?
Inward inclination of mandibular posteriors affecting interdigitation.

Q21. How is rolling-in corrected?

  • Upper: Buccal root torque
  • Lower: Lingual root torque

🔹 Archform & Records

Q22. Components of arch form?

  • Anterior curvature
  • Intercanine width
  • Posterior curvature
  • Intermolar width

Q23. Pre-finishing records?

  • OPG
  • Lateral ceph
  • Photographs
  • Study models

🔹 Cephalometric Evaluation

Q24. When is pre-debonding ceph taken?
3–4 months before debonding.

Q25. What parameters are assessed?

  • Soft tissue profile
  • Incisor AP position
  • Incisor torque
  • Mandibular plane
  • Skeletal and dental corrections

🔹 Mechanics & Wires

Q26. Ideal wire for torque in finishing?
0.019×0.0250.019×0.025 TMA in 0.022 slot
0.017×0.0250.017×0.025 TMA in 0.018 slot

Q27. Why TMA?
Flexible with good torque expression.

🔹 Clinical Procedures

Q28. What is serpentine wiring?
Ligature wiring from premolar to premolar after removing archwire to aid settling.

Q29. Indications of positioner?

  • Retention
  • Minor corrections
  • Good compliance
  • Tongue habits
  • Begg finishing

Q30. Contraindication of positioner?
Deep bite.

🔹 Micro-esthetics & Surgery

Q31. Micro-esthetic procedures?

  • Gingival recontouring
  • Tooth reshaping

Q32. What is CSF (Edwards procedure)?
Circumferential supracrestal fibrotomy to prevent rotational relapse.

🔹 Rapid Fire (Exam Finishers)

Q33. Most important goal of finishing?
Stable, functional, esthetic occlusion.

Q34. Most common finishing error?
Poor root parallelism.

Q35. Key to stability?
Proper overcorrection + root positioning.

Q36. Most important ABO parameter?
Root angulation.

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