cystic hygroma

dr swati mandhanLeave a comment

A cystic hygroma is a fluid-filled sac that results from a blockage in the lymphatic system . It is most commonly located in the neck or head area, but can be located anywhere in the body. It may be discovered in a fetus during a pregnancy ultrasound , or it may be apparent at birth as a soft bulge under the skin.

LOCAL FACTORS IN COMPLETE DENTURE

Dr. Shweta AgarwalLeave a comment
Local factors affecting the ideal environment required for complete dentures are:
  1. Broad square ridges devoid of undercuts and bony abnormalities.
  2. Definite cuspid eminences and alveolar tubercules; a broad palate with uniform depth of vault in the maxillary arch.
  3. Broad buccal shelf and firm retromolar papillae in the mandibular arch.
  4. A definite vestibular fornix, devoid of muscle attachments.
  5. Frenum attachments high in the maxillary and low in the mandibular arches.
  6. A clearly defined and well-developed lingual sulcus.
  7. A lateral throat form that allows suitable extension into the retromylohyoid space.
  8. A firm mucosal covering over the denture-bearing area.
  9. Mucous membrane in the vestibule fornix and floor of the mouth which is loosely and movably attached for denture seal.
  10. A gradually sloping palate with a passive reflection at the junction of the hard and soft palate.
  11. A tongue normal in size, position, and function.
  12. A normally related maxilla to mandible.
  13. Good muscle tonus and coordination in mandibular movements.
  14. Adequate inter-ridge space for the favourable placement of teeth
  15. Saliva of suitable viscosity and quantity
  16. Hard and soft tissues devoid of any signs of pathologic disorder.

Reference: Syllabus of Complete Denture By HEARTWELL – 4th edition

STEPS IN FABRICATION OF ADAMS CLASP

sakshibhudeLeave a comment
Mesial and distal undercuts of the molar are marked on the cast. This distance between these 2 marks would form the length of bridge of Adams.
22 gauge hard round stainless steel wire is used. 90 degree bend is made.
Wire is placed on the model and distance between mesial and distal undercuts is marked on wire.
The other 90 degree is made thus forming bridge of adams clasp
Round beak of universal plier is placed on outer side close to bridge of adams
Wire bent around to form a “U” thus forming the arrowhead
Arrow head is squeezed between the two beaks of pliers to make it as narrow and pointed as possible.
Arrow head is given a 45 degree twist so that arrow head at angle of 45 degree to bridge of adams
Outer arm of arrow head is given a 90 degree bend at a height that is half of arrow head. Done by placing round beak inside arrow head.
Other arrow head is also bent similarly so that the free end of wire rests in embrasure. Wire is bent down and adapted between teeth.
Place a mark beyond palatal side of contact area.
Palatal tag is bent down and is slightly kinked to form step over gingiva. Palatal wire is adapted to be parallel to the plaster.

3 things to be noted after the clasp is placed on tooth:-

  • When viewed from occlusal aspect bridge is parallel to buccal aspect.
  • Bridge to be at 45 degree to long axis of tooth.
  • When viewed from buccal aspect parallel to occlusal surface.

Reference- bhalajhi ortho