Author: Anisha Valli

Young Researcher Shines in ICMR STS Program with Innovative Oral Cancer Study

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Riya Verma’s Remarkable Journey through ICMR STS Program Unveils Potential Prognostic Markers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

In a remarkable journey filled with determination and discovery, Riya Verma, a passionate dental intern from the Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, has left an indelible mark in the field of oral cancer research. Her groundbreaking research project, made possible through the prestigious Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Short-Term Studentship (STS) program, focuses on the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), offering valuable insights into potential indicators of severity and prognosis for patients.

Miss Riya Verma, a dynamic dental intern with a burning passion for her field, embarked on a journey of scientific exploration that has set her apart as a rising star in the world of dentistry. Alongside her academic pursuits, Riya is the driving force behind ‘dr_mccavity,’ a platform where she shares valuable insights on oral health and her personal adventures in the dental profession. Moreover, Riya, in collaboration with her friend Sumit, authored the enlightening book ‘The Dental Footprints,’ which celebrates the remarkable journeys of successful dentists from various specialties, aiming to inspire and ignite the passion of young dental students.

Can you please introduce yourself?

Hey there, I’m Riya Verma, a dental intern currently studying at the awesome Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences. I’ve got a passion for dentistry that’s been burning bright ever since I first heard about the ICMR -STS program. I set my sights on being a part of it, and I’m proud to say I not only snagged a spot but also completed the program with flying colors. But wait, my journey doesn’t stop there! I’ve got a little project of my own called ‘dr_mccavity’ where I share all things related to oral health and spill the beans on my own adventure in the dental world. Now, here’s the real exciting part: during my third year in college, I teamed up with my buddy Sumit to co-author a cool book called ‘The Dental Footprints.’ We wanted to uncover the amazing stories of successful dentists from different specialties and share their inspiring journeys. Our goal? To sprinkle a little positivity about dentistry among the young dental students and ignite their passion for this field! 🦷📚

Could you provide a brief overview of your research project?

In our study, we looked at 60 cases, with 30 of them being patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and the other 30 being healthy individuals for comparison. Our goal was to see if certain blood markers, specifically the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), could provide insights into the severity and prognosis of OSCC. We found that NLR and PLR were particularly promising in this regard. These markers, which can be easily measured through routine blood tests, showed a strong correlation with both the histological grading of the cancer and its TNM staging, which is a way to determine how advanced the cancer is. This suggests that NLR and PLR could serve as valuable prognostic indicators for OSCC patients. On the other hand, Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) didn’t seem to have as strong a connection to prognosis in OSCC as NLR and PLR did. In summary, our research suggests that NLR and PLR are important factors to consider when assessing the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. These markers are not only reliable but also readily available, making them potentially valuable tools in predicting the outcome of cancer.

What motivated you to choose this particular research topic?

I stumbled upon some research papers by dentists that really caught my attention, especially those focused on oral squamous cell carcinoma. I found them incredibly fascinating, and they ignited a strong desire in me to dive into similar research. However, being a final-year student, I was a bit lost when it came to choosing the right topic. So, when I approached my teacher for help in finding a suitable research topic, she was kind enough to suggest something related to oral cancer. I was absolutely thrilled and excited about the prospect of delving into this subject!

How did you become interested in the ICMR STS program, and whatwas your application process like?

I got really interested in the ICMR STS program after I read Anisha Valli’s interview in the IDA student magazine. It just sounded so intriguing and different from the typical college experiences that everyone was talking about. I was eager to break away from the norm and explore something unique, something that most people weren’t even considering. Plus, I had this strong urge to try out different opportunities and really find what I was passionate about. This determination of mine was what kept me going and made me decide to go for the program no matter what. Now, the application process, I won’t lie, it was quite challenging. At first, I didn’t have a clue about many aspects of it. But as time went on, I started to grasp it better and learn so much along the way.

How did you design your research proposal and select yourmethodology?

I worked closely with my mentor, Professor Dr. Priya Kumar, from the Oral Pathology and Microbiology Department at Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences to develop my research proposal and methodology. I also reached out to some postgraduate students in the PhD department for help with the tricky statistical analysis, which I initially found quite challenging to wrap my head around. But as I started to see the results, I was not only pleasantly surprised but also found that I was getting a much better understanding of the concepts involved.

Were there any unexpected challenges or obstacles that you encountered during your research process? How did you overcome them?

Absolutely, there were quite a few hurdles I faced during my research journey. To give you some context, I was in the midst of my final year professional exams at that time. Gathering cases, writing up detailed case histories, and collecting patients’ blood reports, among other things, proved to be quite a challenge. I must admit, it was a bit overwhelming for me to handle all of it on my own. Fortunately, I had the support of my amazing parents and friends who pitched in to help me complete the tasks. While many people around me were quick to point out that I might have bitten off more than I could chew by taking on this research project alongside my exams, a few of my closest friends and my parents were my biggest cheerleaders. They believed in me and encouraged me to believe in myself. And you know what? I managed to pull it off! I turned my dream into a reality, and that feeling of accomplishment was truly priceless.

Are there any specific tips or insights you would offer to future STS applicants to increase their chances of success?

To all the future STS candidates out there, I want to stress the importance of giving it a shot, even if you’re feeling a bit overwhelmed and things seem tough. You might be surprised by what could turn into your real passion. Remember, patience is key. Research can’t make progress without your patience and determination. So, keep at it and stay persistent!

Is there anyone you would like to acknowledge or express gratitude to for their support during your research project?

I would begin by expressing my gratitude to Lord Ganesha for granting me the opportunity to pursue this research. Next, I want to extend my heartfelt thanks to my parents for their unwavering support. I am also deeply appreciative of my mentor, Dr. Priya Kumar, and the postgraduate students who played an integral role in ensuring the completeness of this journey.

Riya Verma’s pioneering research exemplifies the power of determination, curiosity, and the unwavering support of loved ones. As she continues her academic pursuits, her future promises further discoveries and contributions to the field of dentistry. Her journey stands as a testament to the boundless potential of young researchers to make a significant impact in healthcare and inspire future generations.

Revolutionizing Dental Care: BDS Student Successfully Replicates Enamel-like Structure

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In a remarkable achievement, Raahul, a final-year BDS student at Rural Dental College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, has made significant strides in dental research. His pioneering project, funded by the prestigious Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Short-Term Studentship (STS) program, focuses on replicating enamel-like structures using synthetic materials through biomimetics.

Mr Raahul, a passionate problem-solver with a penchant for non-fiction literature and spreading smiles, this research journey was an opportunity to make a tangible impact in the world of dentistry.

Raahul’s journey into the world of biomimetics began with a strong desire to address dental issues by emulating the structural and functional qualities of natural enamel. His research project aimed to create synthetic materials that closely resembled the composition and properties of enamel, a substance renowned for its hardness and protective role in teeth.

  1. What motivated you to choose this particular research topic?
    Among the various topics I considered, this particular one resonated with me strongly, as I believed that if I could emulate the structural and functional qualities of enamel closely, it could potentially address several issues.
  2. How did you become interested in the ICMR STS program, and what was your application process like?
    I came across the ICMR’s STS program on the Dentowesome page, and though I wasn’t previously aware of it, I decided to explore it further and give it a try.
  3. What was the main research question or hypothesis you aimed to address in your project?
    My primary objective was to successfully mimic the enamel-like structure using synthetic materials, and I can confidently say that I achieved this goal.
  4. How did you design your research proposal and select your methodology?
    My initial reference point was the comprehensive guidelines provided by ICMR, and I also received valuable guidance from my mentor.
  5. Can you describe the specific methods and techniques you used to collect and analyze data?
    The study was conducted in vitro, involving the use of extracted third molars with intact enamel from the OMFS department in our hospital. The procedures were carried out in the biochemistry lab.
  1. Were there any unexpected challenges or obstacles that you encountered during your research process? How did you overcome them?
    I was fairly well-prepared for potential challenges, as I had anticipated many of the issues that might arise during the course of my research.
  2. Did you collaborate with any mentors or fellow researchers during the project? How did they support you?
    Certainly, it was a collaborative effort. The OMFS residents assisted me in obtaining the tooth samples, the biochemistry faculty guided me through the procedures, and, of course, my mentor played a pivotal role.
  3. Were there any surprising or noteworthy discoveries during your research?
    Our research allowed us to comprehend the relationship between a dendrimer called PAMAM and human enamel. This has potential implications for future use as a regenerative material in enamel regeneration.
  4. Are there any specific tips or insights you would offer to future STS applicants to increase their chances of success?
    My advice is to stay true to yourself and give your absolute best. Everything will eventually fall into place, and even when facing difficult moments, don’t give up. Often, things can change for the better if you persist through those challenging times.
  5. Is there anyone you would like to acknowledge or express gratitude to for their support during your research project?
    I’m deeply grateful to my mentor, my seniors, the faculty, and particularly Dr. Anisha. Her valuable interactions and assistance in addressing various challenges have been instrumental. In conclusion, I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to Dr. Anisha for this opportunity. While I’m uncertain of the extent of its impact, if even one student is inspired to pursue a similar path, I would consider it a success.

Raahul’s achievement stands as a testament to the potential for innovative research within the field of dentistry. His work may one day lead to transformative advancements in dental care, offering brighter smiles and healthier teeth for countless individuals.

Evaluation of Antibiotics Efficacy in Maxillofacial Region Space Infections

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Navigating the Antibiotic Puzzle in Maxillofacial Space Infections

Ah, the world of maxillofacial space infections, where microbes dance in the shadows, and antibiotics become our knights in shining armor. But, my dear readers, the antibiotic quest is no simple tale, for it’s a matter of choosing the right weapon against the unseen invaders.

🧫 Microbial Dance: The Cast of Characters

Antibiotics play a crucial role in the management of maxillofacial space infections. These infections can be caused by a wide variety of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms (Mehedi et al., 2019). The choice of antibiotics should be based on the causative microorganisms and their susceptibility to different antimicrobial agents (Mehedi et al., 2019).

đź“‹ Antibiotic Casting Call: The Right Players

In general, the main empiric antibiotics used for the treatment of oral and maxillofacial infections are amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, metronidazole, and erythromycin (Lee et al., 2022). However, it is important to note that the resistance to amoxicillin in dental infections can range from 9% to 54% (Lee et al., 2022).

🏥 Strategic Timing: Perioperative Antibiotics

In the management of maxillofacial space infections, the use of perioperative antibiotics is recommended to prevent postoperative infections (Lauder et al., 2010). The current standard of care is to administer antibiotics within 2 hours before surgery, as this has been shown to reduce the rates of surgical site infections (Lauder et al., 2010). However, the use of additional antibiotics outside the perioperative timeframe does not reduce the rate of postoperative infections (Lauder et al., 2010). It is worth noting that the use of additional antibiotics may be warranted in cases of severe facial trauma with multiple open fracture wounds (Lauder et al., 2010).

🕶️ The Antibiotic Hero: Clindamycin Takes Center Stage

In terms of antibiotic efficacy, a study conducted by found that clindamycin was the most effective single antibiotic, with a sensitivity rate of 90% in cases of orofacial space infections (Mehedi et al., 2019). Other effective single antibiotics included erythromycin (50%) and azithromycin (40%) (Mehedi et al., 2019). However, it is important to note that most orofacial space infections are caused by mixed microorganisms, making it difficult to treat them with a single empirical antibiotic (Mehedi et al., 2019).

🦠 Antibiotic-Resistant Drama: A Growing Plot Twist

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a growing concern in the management of maxillofacial infections. It has been reported that the overuse, abuse, and misuse of antibiotics contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (Yuvaraj, 2015). However, clinical observations have shown that the presence of penicillin-resistant strains in mixed microflora of odontogenic maxillofacial infections does not adversely affect the outcome of treatment when penicillin is prescribed as an adjunct to surgical drainage (Yuvaraj, 2015).

đź’Š Beyond Antibiotics: Multifaceted Strategies

In addition to antibiotic therapy, other treatment modalities may be used in the management of maxillofacial space infections. These include surgical drainage of the abscess, removal of the source of infection (such as extraction or endodontic therapy of the offending tooth), and the use of herbal anti-edematous agents to reduce post-operative swelling (Dongol et al., 2022; Dar-Odeh et al., 2018).

🔍 In Conclusion: The Script for Success

As the final act approaches, remember that the script for success depends on understanding the microbial ensemble and their antibiotic preferences. Perioperative antibiotics are the opening act, but the choice should be tailored to the situation. Keep an eye on the looming specter of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and let responsible stewardship guide the way.

RESEARCH ARTICLES WITH DOWNLOADABLE LINKS

original-paper-for-the-management-of-maxillofacial-fascial-space-infectionDownload
eskape-pathogens-in-oral-and-maxillofacial-infectionsDownload

REFERENCES

Dar-Odeh, N., Abu-Hammad, S., & Abu-Hammad, O. (2018). Herbal anti-edematous agents for certain cases of facial cellulitis of odontogenic origin. clinical recommendation.. The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.3823/825 Dongol, A., Bhattarai, N., Yadav, A., Acharya, P., Mahato, V., & Jaisani, M. (2022). Microbial flora and their antibiotic susceptibility in oral and maxillofacial infections at bpkihs: a prospective observational study. Journal of Bp Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, 5(1), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.3126/jbpkihs.v5i1.43381 Lauder, A., Jalisi, S., Spiegel, J., Stram, J., & Devaiah, A. (2010). Antibiotic prophylaxis in the management of complex midface and frontal sinus trauma. The Laryngoscope, 120(10), 1940-1945. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.21081 Lee, H., Moon, S., Oh, J., Choi, H., Park, S., Kim, T., … & You, J. (2022). Eskape pathogens in oral and maxillofacial infections. Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain, 47(1), 52-61. https://doi.org/10.14476/jomp.2022.47.1.52 Mehedi, A., Chowdhury, G., Rab, A., & Haider, I. (2019). Evaluation of efficiency of conventional empirical antimicrobial regimen for the management of maxillofacial fascial space infection. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh, 11(2), 47-54. https://doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v11i2.39823 Yuvaraj, V. (2015). Maxillofacial infections of odontogenic origin: epidemiological, microbiological and therapeutic factors in an indian population. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 68(4), 396-399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-015-0823-x

Diagnosis Demystified – Case 30

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Sections show buccal mucosa in which there is mild epithelial atrophy with parakeratosis. The pattern of epithelial maturation is regular and the overall architecture is preserved. The rete processes are flattened and bands of hyaline collagen best seen in Van Geison stained sections are present in the lamina propria. A mild chronic inflammatory infiltrate is present in the subepithelial tissue.

Our adventure starts with a visit to the microscopic realm of the buccal mucosa – the inner lining of the cheek. Imagine a bustling cityscape with layers of epithelial cells, each playing its role in maintaining the oral harmony. But wait, something’s not quite right here!

🔬 Clue 1: The Atrophy Enigma

The buccal mucosa seems to be undergoing a transformation – a mild epithelial atrophy. It’s as if the cells are shrinking, losing some of their vitality. Parakeratosis is in play too, where these cells are holding onto their nuclei longer than they should. It’s like they’re not quite ready to grow up and shed their immature ways.

đź“ś Clue 2: The Architectural Anomaly

Despite the changes, the overall architectural blueprint of the buccal mucosa remains intact. The maturation of the epithelial cells follows a regular pattern, almost like well-practised dancers performing a choreographed routine. The rete processes – the finger-like projections that interlock the layers – appear flatter than usual. It’s as if they’re tired and can’t stand as tall as they used to.

🔍 Clue 3: The Mysterious Collagen Chronicles

Ah, now for a fascinating twist! Van Geison stained sections reveal bands of hyaline collagen lurking in the depths of the lamina propria – the supporting layer beneath the epithelium. These collagen bands are like secretive cobwebs, weaving a mysterious tale of their own. Their presence hints at something more profound beneath the surface.

🔥 Clue 4: The Inflammatory Intrigue

As our investigation deepens, we stumble upon an unexpected guest – a mild chronic inflammatory infiltrate. It’s almost like a small group of protesters voicing their concerns beneath the epithelial cityscape. What could they be protesting? What’s causing this subtle turmoil?

🚀 The Grand Reveal: Unveiling Submucous Fibrosis

Now, my fellow detectives, armed with our clues and insights, it’s time for the big reveal! The answer to this intriguing riddle is none other than Submucous Fibrosis.

🕵️‍♂️ Unraveling the Mystery

Submucous Fibrosis is a condition often linked to the chewing of paan (betel), a common practice in certain cultures. In this condition, dense collagenous bands sneakily weave their way into the lamina propria – that’s the collagen we spotted earlier! These bands tighten their grip, causing limitations in mouth opening and even trouble with swallowing.

But wait, there’s more! The potential consequences get even more serious. With these collagenous infiltrators running amok, there’s a risk of dysplasia – that’s abnormal cell growth – and even the development of oral cancer.