Internal Vs. External Resorption

Dr.MehnazLeave a comment

What are internal and external resorption and the causes?

🔅The American Association of Endodontics defines resorption as, “a condition associated with either physiologic or a pathologic process resulting in a loss of dentin, cementum, and/or bone. Vital tissue is necessary for either external or internal resorption to occur.”

🔅By this definition, internal resorption is “a defect of the internal aspect of the root following necrosis of odontoblasts as a result of chronic inflammation and bacterial invasion of the pulp tissue.”

🔅External resorption is “resorption initiated in the periodontium and initially affecting the external surfaces of the tooth—may be further classified as surface, inflammatory, or replacement, or by location as cervical, lateral, or apical; may or may not invade the dental pulpal space.”

Difference between Internal Resorption Vs. External Resorption

Histology:

Clinical Case:

It may present initially as a pink-hued area on the crown of the tooth; the hyperplastic, vascular pulp tissue filling in the resorbed areas. This condition is referred to as a pink tooth of Mummery.
External Inflammatory lesion

Dr. Mehnaz Memon🖊

References:

  1. https://www.byendo-cupertino.com
  2. https://www.dentistryiq.com
  3. Image Source: Google

NRT DRUGS

Dr.Urusa InamdarLeave a comment

Written by : Dr. Urusa I Inamdar

Nicotine gum

Nicotine polacrilex .

  • Buccal absorption
  • 4 mg of nicotine ( India )
  • Two varieties in India : gutkha and mint flavour
  • Duration of treatment is 4-6 weeks ; start weaning after 2-3 months .
  • Brand name : nicorette , nulife , nicotex

Nicotine patch ( transdermal )

  • Ready absorption of nicotine across the skin .
  • 3 of the patches are for 24 hr use and one is for 16 hr ( waking ) use .
  • Starting doses are 21-22 mg/ 24 hr patch and 15 mg/ 16 hr patch .
  • The recommended total duration of treatment is usually 6-12 weeks .
  • Brand name : habitrol , nicodern – cq , nicotrol

Patient instruction for nicotine patch:

  • Do not smoke while using the patch .
  • Rotate the patch site to minimize skin irritation .
  • If insomnia occurs , remove patch before going to bed or use 16 hr patch .
  • Apply a new patch every day ( remove old patch ) in a location between the neck and waist that is relatively hairless and where the skin is not broken . Apply to a different location each day .

Nicotine nasal spray

  • 8-40 dosage per day .
  • Nasal irritation may occur .
  • Treatment time : 3-6 months .
  • Brand name : nicotrol nasal spray

Nicotine inhaler

  • 6-16 cartridges /day
  • Mouth and throat irritation may occur .
  • Treatment time : upto 6 months .
  • Brand name : nicotrol inhaler

References

  • Dental notes
  • Google.com

Fordyce granules( fordyce disease)

Gerlyn BraganzaLeave a comment
Pathology Outlines - Fordyce granules

What are Fordyce granules? How does it occur ?

  • Firstly it isn’t a disease as the name says it.
  • Rather this can be called a developmental anomaly.
  • It is characterised by heterotopic collection of sebaceous glands in various sites of the oral cavity.
  • It is said that the occurance of sebaceous glands in the mouth may be by inclusion in the oral cavity of the ectoderm.
  • This has some of the potentialities of skin during the development of the maxillary and the mandibular processes during the embryonic life.

Clinical features-

1.Appearance-

  • as yellow spots, seperated
  • or forming large plaques
  • project slightly above the suface of tissue
Sebaceous glands (Fordyce spots or Tyson glands)

2. Site of appearance- found frequently in a bilateral symmetical pattern

  • mucosa of cheeks (opposite the molar teeth)
  • inner surface of lips
  • retromolar region
  • tongue
  • gingiva
  • palate
  • frenum

Besides the oral cavity they also appear in the oesophagus ,the female genital tract ,cervix uteri, male genitilia ,nipples, palms ,soles ,parotid ,larynx and the orbit .

3. Usually seen more in adults than children . This is due to the better development of sebaceous glands and hair system is not seen until puberty.

Histology

  • These are heterotopic collection of sebaceous glands and they are identical with those that are seen in the skin.
  • But they are unassociated with hair follicles and hair shaft from the gingiva. (this may be a very rare occurance )
  • Glands are located superficially.
  • There may be few or many lobules.
  • They are grouped around one duct or more ducts and they open at the surface of the mucosa .
  • The ducts may show keratin plugging.

Treatment-

It requires no treatment.

source – textbook of oral pathology shafers and google images .