POISONS AND ANTIDOTES

Dr.S.P.SunanthaLeave a comment
Holds good for Antidotes too! Prof. Snape is right ALWAYS! 🖤

Antidotes available for the treatment of specific poisonings:

☠️ Anticoagulants – 💊 Vitamin K, Fresh frozen plasma

☠️ Beta-blockers – 💊 Glucagon, Adrenaline

☠️ Calcium channel blockers – 💊 Calcium gluconate

☠️ Cyanide – 💊 Oxygen, Dicobalt edetate, nitrites, sodium thiosulphate, hydroxocobalamin

☠️ Ethylene glycol/Methanol – 💊 Ethanol, 4-methylpyrazole

☠️ Lead – 💊 DMSA (2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid), disodium calcium edetate

☠️ Mercury – 💊 DMPS (2,3-dimercapto-1-propane sulphonate)

☠️ Iron salts – 💊 Desferroxamine

☠️ Opioids – 💊 Naloxane

☠️ Organophosphorus insecticides, nerve agents – 💊 Atropine, pralidoxime (P2S)

☠️ Paracetamol – 💊 N-acetylcysteine, methionine

☠️ Cardiac glycosides – 💊 Digoxin-specific antibody fragments

REFERENCE:

Professor Severus Snape 🖤

Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine (19th edition)

~Sunantha✍️

Malaria (Features of P.falciparum infection)

Dr.Mehnaz1 Comment

P.falciparum infection

🤒Clinical Features:

This is the most dangerous of the malarias and patients are either ‘killed or cured’. The onset is often insidious, with malaise, headache and vomiting. Cough and mild diarrhoea are also common. The fever has no particular pattern.

🦗Neurological

  • Coma
  • Hypoglycaemia
  • Seizures
  • Cranial nerve palsies
  • Opisthotonus (a type of abnormal posture where the back becomes extremely arched due to muscle spasms)
Disconjugate gaze due to cranial nerve palsy

🦗Optic fundi

Malaria Retinopathy with Roth’s spots

🦗Respiratory

  • Pulmonary edema
  • Secondary bacterial pneumonia

🦗Cardiovascular

  • Shock
  • Cardiac failure (‘algid malaria’)
  • Dysrhythmias with Quinine

🦗Renal

  • Acute renal failure
  • Severe haemolysis results in haemoglobinuria (black water fever)

🦗Abdomen

  • Hepatic dysfunction & haemolysis lead to Jaundice
  • Tender liver edge with hepatitis
  • Pain in left upper quadrant with splenomegaly

🦗Blood

  • Parasitaemia
  • Anaemia – Normocytic Normochromic
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Coagulopathy
Ring form in RBC

Dentowesome 2020

@dr.mehnaz🖊

References: Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine Textbook; Image source: ResearchGate, Quizlet