Pedodontics

Childhood Diseases – NEET Pearls from Dentest and Pulse – 2023

Anisha ValliLeave a comment
  1. Normal colour of
    1. Primary teeth = China white
    2. Permanent teeth = Ivory white
  2. In primary dentition =
    1. dentine is uniformly calcified 
    2. Enamel and dentin is less mineralized
    3. Enamel and dentin thickness is less
    4. DEJ is less scalloped
  3. Main difference between primary and permanent tooth = Mineral content 
  4. Cleft of secondary palate causes = cleft lip
  5. Ectodermal dysplasia in 3-year-old child with only primary molars and canine and overall appearance of an older person
  6. Treatment of geographic tongue = No treatment
  7. Dentinogenesis Imperfecta 
    1. Grey in colour
    2. Exhibit extensive occlusal and incisal wear
    3. r/g = secondary dentin deposition
    1. Transillumination of soft tissue is useful in detection of = Sialolithiasis 
  8. KOPLIK SPOTS
    1. Small irregular bright red spots with white specks in centre 
    2. Indicate the onset of RUBEOLA/MEASLES
  9. MC cause of acute generalised inflammation 
    1. in pre-school children = Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis/ herpes
      1. Child with fever of 102*C and vesicles in oral cavity
      2. Rx = symptomatic rx for fever and prevent secondary infection and dehydration
    1. In adolescents = ANUG
  10. Apthous ulcer should be treated by = Palliation and Patience
  11. Rx of severe intraoral infection differs from that in adult because = dehydration occurs more rapidly and severely in children
  12. The purulent lesion in the oral vestibule of an 8-year-old child = ODONTOGENIC FISTULA
  13. Bluish dome shaped lesion on the inside of a lip = Mucocele
  14. MC in children = gingivitis
    1. Reaches in its severity at peak of = 11 – 13 years
  15. Gingiva in children = less keratinized, less stippled
  16. NOT seen on attached gingiva = interdental clefts
  17. Gingival stripping in children = due to narrow attached gingiva 
  18. Periodontosis or Juvenile Periodontitis
    1. Vertical pockets around incisors and first molars
    2. Presence of plaque isn’t consistent with inflammatory findings 
  19. NOT related to gingival inflammation = Spirochetal infection
  20. Pulp starts reacting to caries when carious lesion reaches = Dentinoenamel Junction 
  21. Periapical abscess more diffuse in primary teeth because = Alveolar bone surrounding the teeth is less dense
  22. Gingival abscess is common in primary teeth because = More accessory canals are present on buccal surface with porous floor and thin bony surface
  23. MCC of draining sinuses in oral cavity of children = chronic periapical abscess
  24. Hypoplasia of primary enamel that forms before birth is = RARE
  25. Eruptive cysts are best treated by = No treatment, only observation
  26. A disease that only affects formation and eruption of tooth but doesn’t cause hypoplasia = RICKETS
  27. OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA = doesn’t cause delayed eruption
  28. MANDIBULAR second premolar = shows greatest variation relative to the onset of mineralization of crowns
  29. Child with Down syndrome (all are important points)
    1. Affectionate and cooperative
    2. Capable of understanding operative procedures
    3. Fearful of quick movements
    4. Simian crease in hand
    5. Head shape = brachycephalic 
    6. Incidence of caries = less as compared to general population 
    7. High incidence of periodontal disease
    8. Retarded eruption
    9. Delayed exfoliation**
    10. Retained deciduous teeth and microdontia
    11. Typical face = hypoplastic maxilla
    12. IQ = 120 – 139
    13. Syndrome associated with congenital heart lesions
  30. Fluoride is contraindicated in = Chronic renal failure 
  31. DIABETES
    1. Serious complication of juvenile diabetes/ DM – 1 = blindness
    2. MC type of diabetes = DM – type 2
    3. Level of glucose for diabetic ketoacidosis = 300 to 600 mg/dl 
  32. LEUKAEMIA 
    1. Child suffering from acute leukaemia is more susceptible to = Oral infections
    2. Primary cause of death in patients = Infections 
    3. TRUE STATEMENTS 
      1. May be manifested by mucosal pallor
      2. Cause Obvious Purpura 
      3. Lymphoblastic variety 
    4. Line of Rx for periapical abscess = Obtain medical consultation before treatment 
    5. Down Syndrome = 10 – 20 fold increased risk of leukaemia pt  
  33. HEMOPHILIA
    1. Epsilon aminocaproic acid = given to haemophilic child before surgical procedures to control bleeding
    2. Line of Rx for periapical abscess = Obtain blood count before extraction, determine the amount and duration of factor concentrate replacement 
    3. In extraction cases, Minimal level of Factor VIII = 50%
    4. Minimal level needed for adequate hemostasis = over 25%
    5. 5 years old, primary second molar with non vital pulp is treated by = conventional pulpectomy
    6. Mode of anaesthesia contraindicated = INTRAMUSCULAR
    7. MC type = Hemophilia A
  34. CYSTIC FIBROSIS (all points imp)
    1. Maldigestion and malnutrition
    2. Chronic respiratory infection
    3. Thyroid deficiency 
    4. Water and electrolyte imbalance
    5. Staining of teeth = yellow in colour  
  35. Yellowish primary tooth due to trauma indicates = calcific reaction of pulp
  36. Pink primary tooth indicates = Internal resorption
  37. TETRACYCLINE PIGMENTATION
    1. Yellow primary tooth, under UV light – faint overall yellow green autofluorescence = Tetracycline pigmentation
    2. TS occurs in primary tooth during the period of = mineralization of first millimetre of dentin at DEJ
    3. Tetracycline administration causes primary tooth staining = upto 9th month of life
  38. Sensitive period for tetracycline discolouration 
    1. PRIMARY
      1. Max and mand incisors = 4 months in utero to 3 months postpartum 
      2. Max and mand canines = 5 months in utero to 9 months postpartum 
    2. PERMANENT
      1. Max and mand incisors and canines = 3 months postpartum to seventh year of life
  39. SEIZURES
    1. Rx of Petit mal seizure in dental office = Watch until episode passes away
    2. Occurring in children several times in a day with no involvement of aura = Petit Mal 
    3. MC type of epilepsy seen in children = Petit Mal 
  40. Following are associated with slowness of mental retardation in a child
    1. Family history
    2. Metabolic disease
    3. Pregnancy and delivery history 
    4. Phenylketonuria
    5. Galactosaemia 
    6. Non trainable type of mental retardation = IQ level of below 20 
  41. CEREBRAL PALSY
    1. Features seen
      1. Increases Caries
      2. Increased salivation
      3. NOT SEEN = fluorosis 
    2. Most of CP children = SPASTIC
    3. MC type of CP = Spastic and Athetosis
    4. SPASTICITY = characterised by sudden violent involuntary contraction of a muscles
    5. TYPES
      1. Spasticity = muscular contractions which are irregularly spaced and have no purpose 
      2. Athetosis = slow, worm like, constant involuntary uncontrollable purposeless movements 
      3. Ataxia = disturbances of balance and equilibrium
      4. Rigidity = marked resistance to passive motion
    6. MC classifications = physiological and topographic 
    7. Oral Manifestations 
      1. Periodontal diseases
      2. High incidence of caries
      3. Attrition of teeth due to bruxism
    8. Class II Divison 2 = mc malocclusion observed in pt with spastic type 
  42. AUTISM
    1. Delayed milestones, playing with herself, unable to make friends, and difficulty in learning 
    2. It is a severely incapacitating disturbance of mental and emotional development that causes problem in learning, communication and relating to others 
    3. Incapacitance of emotional and mental disturbance
    4. Parrot like repetition speech 
    5. Also known as Kanner’s syndrome
  43. RESTRAINTS
    1. In uncooperative child, last resort is = Physical restraints
    2. TRUE STATEMENTS
      1. Papoose board is for restraining body
      2. Use of restraining device is a passive method
      3. Posey straps are used for restraining extremities
    3. MC restraints in children with neuromuscular diseases = Papoose Board
    4. Mouth props are used as = Restrainers
    5. Bean body is used in dental chair for = Restraining body
  44. BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS
    1. Antibiotic prophylaxis = 1 hour before
    2. Prophylactic antibiotic coverage in a child with history of rheumatic fever is precaution against developing = subacute bacterial endocarditis
  45. MOUTH BREATHING
    1. Reliable method for quantifying the extent of mouth breathing = Rhinomanometry
    2. TRUE STATEMENTS
      1. Increase incidence of caries in open bite cases
      2. Decrease in masticator scouring action in the area of open bite
  46. GENOME
    1. Albino mother, normal father, chances of children being carriers = 50% carriers
    2. ALBINISM = Autosomal Recessive, alternate generations, not affected by sex
    3. Normal parents, affected male infant = Polygenic disorder
    4. Affected father, one child affected out of three = Autosomal Dominant 
    5. Affected fathers, affected grandsons = X linked recessive
    6. Affected fathers, affected grand-daughters = X linked dominant
  47. HANDICAPPED CHILDREN
    1. Radiograph of choice = panoramic 
    2. Mc tooth brushing technique = Horizontal scrub
  48. Use of penicillin on a patient with asthma = CONTRAINDICATED
  49. Chicken wire appearance of alveolar bone = THALASSAEMIA 
  50. Virus responsible for causation of AIDS = HTLV 3
  51. Denture bearing mucosa in children as compared to adults = thinner and well-circulated 
  52. Impression taking order in paediatric prosthetic procedures = upper first and then of lower jaw 
  53. Green stains frequently seen in children’s teeth = chromogenic bacteria 
  54. Tender, painful, unilateral or bilateral swelling of salivary glands = Parotitis or Mumps
  55. Dentinogenesis Imperfecta = dark brown coloured tooth, frequently broken bones associated with blue sclera
  56. Delayed eruption of permanent teeth and large tongue = Hypothyroidism 
  57. Premature eruption of permanent teeth and large tongue = Hyperthyroidism 
  58. Fever, acute painful ulcers, lymphadenopathy = Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis
  59. Exanthematous fever and strawberry tongue = Scarlet fever
  60. Congenital anodontia and perspiration = Ectodermal dysplasia
  61. Brown discoloration of teeth, malnutrition, steatorrhoea, disturbances in function of exocrine glands = Cystic Fibrosis 
  62. Multiple supernumerary teeth unerupted with open fontanelle and abnormal development of clavicles = Cleidocranial dysostosis
  63. Causes both hypocalcified as well as irregular but well calcified enamel = Amelogenesis Imperfecta
  64. Flabby white lesions occur bilateral and seen in few other members of family = White sponge nevus
  65. DRUGS
    1. MC used antibiotic in child allergic to penicillin = Erythromycin
    2. Common antagonist of meperidine = NALOXONE
    3. Moniliasis/Candidiasis 
      1. Unfavourable oral sequel with prolonged use of antibiotics in children 
      2. Thick curd like white patch, on rubbing leaves erythematous patch
  66. PERCENTAGES
    1. Gingivitis at age of 1 – 13 years = 90%
    2. Periodontitis by age 18 years = 25%
  67. Dentitia Tarda = Retaded eruption of deciduous dentition 
  68. MC malignant tumour = Osteosarcoma
  69. Chronic periapical infection in primary molars, first noted as = rarefaction of bony furcation
  70. MC cause for gingival fistula = chronic apical lesion
  71. CLEFT PALATE
    1. Alveolar grafting in a pt of cleft should be ideally placed = after maxillary expansion, cross bite correction and before cuspid eruption
    2. After treating the cleft palate, the occlusion is = Unilateral and bilateral crossbite

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