Also called thyrotoxicosis .

Hyperthyroidism is caused due to to hyposecretion of thyroid hormones like thyroxin, triiodothyronin and calcitonin .

Systemic changes seen-

1. In the metabolism: increase metabolic rate (BMR)

•lipid – decrease in cholesterol and triglycerides.

•carbohydrate – increase glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis ( hyperglycemia)

•protein – wasting of muscle and negative nitrogen balance

2. CVS- increase in heart rate , stroke volume , cardiac output

decrease in the peripheral vascular resistance

Angina , arrhythmias and cardiac failure

3. CNS – Nervousness and anxiety

4. Musculoskeletal system – weakness, muscle fatigue , increased in deep tendon reflexes , osteoporosis and hypercalcaemia

5. GIT- increase in appetite and diarrhoea

6 . Reproductive system- menstrual irregularities and decrease in fertility

7. Eyes and face – lid retraction, periorbital edema and exophthalmos

8 . Skin and appendages – warm moist skin , heat intolerance and thin hair

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What is thyrotoxic storm ?

Also called as thyroid storm.

Occurs due to very high levels of circulating thyroid hormones. Besides the usual features there is-

1.Hyperpyrexia

2. Nausea

3. Vomiting

4. Diarrhoea

5. Mental confusion

It’s precipitated by infection, trauma and surgery .

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Treatment-

Propylthiouracil, iodides , propranolol, hydrocortisone

Note :

• local anaesthetic with adrenaline is avoided in hyperparathyroidism

SOURCE – Tara V Shanbhag |Smita Shenoy|Veena Nayak – pharmacology for dentistry