In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the development of in-office bleaching gels containing co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles have been widely studied and utilized in various applications due to their unique properties, such as high refractive index and photocatalytic activity (Kury et al., 2022). The incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles into bleaching gels has been shown to enhance the effectiveness and safety of the bleaching process.

One study investigated the use of in-office bleaching gels containing high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HP) and co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Kury et al., 2022). The results showed that the incorporation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles into the bleaching gels improved their effectiveness in tooth bleaching. The photocatalytic activity of the nanoparticles enhanced the bleaching process by accelerating the chemical reaction of the hydrogen peroxide. This study highlights the potential of co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles in improving the performance of in-office bleaching gels.

Another study evaluated the effect of light irradiation on the bleaching process using a low-concentration hydrogen peroxide solution containing titanium dioxide as a photocatalyst (Suemori et al., 2008). The results showed that light irradiation significantly enhanced the bleaching effect of the hydrogen peroxide solution. The photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles under light irradiation played a crucial role in accelerating the bleaching process. This study further supports the use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles as a photocatalyst in in-office bleaching gels.

Furthermore, the safety of in-office bleaching gels containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles has been investigated. One study evaluated a low-concentration hydrogen peroxide experimental bleaching gel containing titanium dioxide and chitosan (Ozcetin & Surmelioglu, 2020). The results showed that the gel was safe and effective for tooth bleaching. The presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the gel contributed to its safety and effectiveness. This study provides evidence for the safety of in-office bleaching gels containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

In addition to titanium dioxide, other dopants have been explored to enhance the properties of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. For example, iron-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been synthesized and studied for various applications (Abza et al., 2022). The doping of titanium dioxide with iron can modify its properties and enhance its photocatalytic activity. This suggests that co-doping titanium dioxide nanoparticles with other elements may further improve the performance of in-office bleaching gels.

Overall, the incorporation of co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles into in-office bleaching gels shows promise in improving the effectiveness and safety of the bleaching process. The photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles enhances the bleaching process by accelerating the chemical reaction of hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, the safety of in-office bleaching gels containing titanium dioxide nanoparticles has been demonstrated. Further research on the co-doping of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with other elements may lead to even more effective bleaching gels.

Abza, T., Saka, A., Jule, L., Gudata, L., Nagaprasad, N., & Ramaswamy, K. (2022). Synthesis and characterization of iron doped titanium dioxide (fe: tio2) nanoprecipitate at different ph values for applications of self-cleaning materials. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2022, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2748908 Kury, M., Hiers, R., Zhao, Y., Picolo, M., Hsieh, J., Khajotia, S., … & Cavalli, V. (2022). Novel experimental in-office bleaching gels containing co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Nanomaterials, 12(17), 2995. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12172995 Ozcetin, H. and Surmelioglu, D. (2020). three‐month evaluation of a low concentration (6% hydrogen peroxide) experimental bleaching gel containing tio 2 and chitosan: an in vitro study. Color Research & Application, 45(6), 1101-1108. https://doi.org/10.1002/col.22543 Suemori, T., Kato, J., Nakazawa, T., Akashi, G., Igarashi, A., Hirai, Y., … & Kurata, H. (2008). Effects of light irradiation on bleaching by a 3.5% hydrogen peroxide solution containing titanium dioxide. Laser Physics Letters, 5(5), 379-383. https://doi.org/10.1002/lapl.200710137

In the fascinating world of forensics, a young and promising researcher from Yenepoya Dental College in Mangalore, Sheikh Sadaf, is making waves with groundbreaking research. Her project delves into the realm of age estimation through dental analysis, using methods developed by Lamendin and Johanson.

1) Can you tell us a bit about yourself?
Hey there, I’m Sheikh Sadaf, and I hail from Yenepoya Dental College in Mangalore.

2) Could you give us a sneak peek of your research project?
My research dives into the intriguing world of forensics. I’m worked on correlating estimated age with chronological age using Lamendin and Johanson’s method of assessing dentin translucency.

3) What sparked your interest in this unique research topic?
Well, I’ve always been fascinated by forensics – the whole world of bite marks and fingerprints. Plus, I received some fantastic encouragement from one of our department lecturers.

4) How did you come across the ICMR STS program, and what was the application process like?
I got wind of the ICMR STS program through our Dean and some of my professors. They all encouraged us to give it a shot and dive into the research world. The application process was pretty straightforward – we submitted all our documents through their official website.

5) What was the central question or hypothesis you aimed to tackle in your project?
My main goal was to compare the estimated age, using Johanson and Lamendin’s methods, to see which one correlates better with the actual age. Also, I aimed to create a population-specific age estimation formula for Karnataka.

6) Could you walk us through the methods and techniques you used to gather and analyze your data?
We collected teeth with known chronological age and sex from the Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery. Then, we used vernier calipers to take precise measurements.

7) Did you collaborate with any mentors or fellow researchers during your project? How did they support you?
Yes, I had the privilege of working with Dr. Sudheendra Prabhu, my mentor from the Department of Forensic Dentistry. He was an incredible support and we made a great team.

8) Any golden advice for future STS applicants to up their chances of success?
To all the aspiring researchers out there, I’d suggest keeping an eye on the latest articles about prevalent diseases or groundbreaking inventions in fields like dentistry and medicine. It’s a great way to stay ahead.

9) Is there anyone special you’d like to give a shout-out to for their support during your research journey?
A big thank you goes to my mentor, my parents, and all the teaching and non-teaching staff who had my back. Not to forget my friends who were there for me every step of the way.

Sheikh Sadaf’s journey is a testament to the power of curiosity, dedication, and mentorship. Her research may well hold the key to advancing age estimation techniques, not only in Mangalore but throughout the region. As she continues to unravel the mysteries of forensics, we can only imagine the bright future that lies ahead for this young researcher.

Silane coupling treatment is a surface treatment technique used in dental restorations to improve the bond strength between resin-based composite (RBC) restorations and the repaired surface. Silane coupling agents are organic silanes that form covalent bonds with both the ceramic and the resin cement, enhancing the wettability and adhesion (Fabianelli et al., 2010). The application of silane coupling treatment, either with or without prior surface sandblasting, has been shown to improve the bond strength of repaired indirect resin composites to a conventional direct resin composite (Visuttiwattanakorn et al., 2017). Additionally, silane coupling treatment has been found to increase the bond strength between photo-cured bulk-fill flowable composite resin and silver-palladium-copper-gold alloy using self-adhesive resin cement (Kawashima et al., 2019).

Surface roughness of resin composites is an important parameter for clinical performance, affecting wear resistance, plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, material discoloration, and surface gloss (Senawongse & Pongprueksa, 2007). Therefore, it is crucial to consider the effects of surface treatments, such as silane coupling, on the surface roughness of RBC restorations.

In terms of clinical significance, the repair of fractured polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network (PICN) restorations with composite resin has been successful when the surface is treated with hydrofluoric acid or sandblasting followed by the individual use of silane (Bello et al., 2018). This suggests that silane coupling treatment plays a crucial role in the successful repair of PICN restorations.

Furthermore, the use of silane coupling agents has been shown to increase the bond strength of aged composite restorations treated with air abrasion, which is important for the efficient repair of composite restorations (Mishra et al., 2023). Computational analysis has also indicated the potential benefits of silane coupling treatments on the adhesion of CAD/CAM composite resin in the presence or absence of acid (Tsukagoshi et al., 2020).

It is worth noting that there are alternative approaches to repairing resin composite restorations without silane coupling pretreatment, although the use of silane coupling treatments has been shown to increase bond strength in various scenarios (Uno et al., 2022). Silane coupling treatments have also been effective in increasing bond strength when repairing resin composite chip fractures or ceramic restorations with resin composite (Akimoto et al., 2011).

In conclusion, silane coupling treatment has been shown to improve the clinical performance of direct repaired RBC restorations by enhancing bond strength and adhesion. It is an effective surface treatment technique that can be used in conjunction with other methods, such as sandblasting or acid etching, to optimize the repair process. The use of silane coupling agents should be considered in dental restorations to ensure long-lasting and durable outcomes.

REFERENCES

Akimoto, N., Sakamoto, T., Kubota, Y., Kondo, Y., & Momoi, Y. (2011). A novel composite-to-composite adhesive bond mechanism. Dental Materials Journal, 30(4), 523-527. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2011-011 Bello, Y., Domênico, M., Magro, L., Lise, M., & Corazza, P. (2018). Bond strength between composite repair and polymer‐infiltrated ceramic‐network material: effect of different surface treatments. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 31(3), 275-279. https://doi.org/10.1111/jerd.12445 Fabianelli, A., Pollington, S., Papacchini, F., Goracci, C., Cantoro, A., Ferrari, M., … & Noort, R. (2010). The effect of different surface treatments on bond strength between leucite reinforced feldspathic ceramic and composite resin. Journal of Dentistry, 38(1), 39-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2009.08.010 Kawashima, S., Nagai, Y., & Shinkai, K. (2019). Effect of silane coupling treatment and airborne-particle abrasion on shear bond strength between photo-cured bulk-fill flowable composite resin and silverpalladium-copper-gold alloy using self-adhesive resin cement. Dental Materials Journal, 38(3), 418-423. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2018-121 Mishra, P., Singh, S., Sharma, A., Jain, S., & Kishnani, S. (2023). Comparative evaluation of effect of different surface pretreatments on bond strengths of thermocycled composite and amalgam rerestored with composite resin: an in vitro study. International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry, 12(3), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1380 Senawongse, P. and Pongprueksa, P. (2007). Surface roughness of nanofill and nanohybrid resin composites after polishing and brushing. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 19(5), 265-273. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.2007.00116.x Tsukagoshi, K., Hirota, M., Nomoto, R., & Hayakawa, T. (2020). Bond strength and computational analysis for silane coupling treatments on the adhesion of resin block for cad/cam crowns. Dental Materials Journal, 39(5), 844-854. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2019-139 Uno, M., Kusakabe, S., Ishigami, H., & Doi, Y. (2022). Effect of surface treatment on bond strength between zirconia and composite resin core material. Asian Pacific Journal of Dentistry, 22(1), 5-11. https://doi.org/10.47416/apjod.22-0288 Visuttiwattanakorn, P., Suputtamongkol, K., Angkoonsit, D., Kaewthong, S., & Charoonanan, P. (2017). Microtensile bond strength of repaired indirect resin composite. The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics, 9(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2017.9.1.38

Riya Verma’s Remarkable Journey through ICMR STS Program Unveils Potential Prognostic Markers for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

In a remarkable journey filled with determination and discovery, Riya Verma, a passionate dental intern from the Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, has left an indelible mark in the field of oral cancer research. Her groundbreaking research project, made possible through the prestigious Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Short-Term Studentship (STS) program, focuses on the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), offering valuable insights into potential indicators of severity and prognosis for patients.

Miss Riya Verma, a dynamic dental intern with a burning passion for her field, embarked on a journey of scientific exploration that has set her apart as a rising star in the world of dentistry. Alongside her academic pursuits, Riya is the driving force behind ‘dr_mccavity,’ a platform where she shares valuable insights on oral health and her personal adventures in the dental profession. Moreover, Riya, in collaboration with her friend Sumit, authored the enlightening book ‘The Dental Footprints,’ which celebrates the remarkable journeys of successful dentists from various specialties, aiming to inspire and ignite the passion of young dental students.

Can you please introduce yourself?

Hey there, I’m Riya Verma, a dental intern currently studying at the awesome Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences. I’ve got a passion for dentistry that’s been burning bright ever since I first heard about the ICMR -STS program. I set my sights on being a part of it, and I’m proud to say I not only snagged a spot but also completed the program with flying colors. But wait, my journey doesn’t stop there! I’ve got a little project of my own called ‘dr_mccavity’ where I share all things related to oral health and spill the beans on my own adventure in the dental world. Now, here’s the real exciting part: during my third year in college, I teamed up with my buddy Sumit to co-author a cool book called ‘The Dental Footprints.’ We wanted to uncover the amazing stories of successful dentists from different specialties and share their inspiring journeys. Our goal? To sprinkle a little positivity about dentistry among the young dental students and ignite their passion for this field! 🦷📚

Could you provide a brief overview of your research project?

In our study, we looked at 60 cases, with 30 of them being patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and the other 30 being healthy individuals for comparison. Our goal was to see if certain blood markers, specifically the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), could provide insights into the severity and prognosis of OSCC. We found that NLR and PLR were particularly promising in this regard. These markers, which can be easily measured through routine blood tests, showed a strong correlation with both the histological grading of the cancer and its TNM staging, which is a way to determine how advanced the cancer is. This suggests that NLR and PLR could serve as valuable prognostic indicators for OSCC patients. On the other hand, Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) didn’t seem to have as strong a connection to prognosis in OSCC as NLR and PLR did. In summary, our research suggests that NLR and PLR are important factors to consider when assessing the prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. These markers are not only reliable but also readily available, making them potentially valuable tools in predicting the outcome of cancer.

What motivated you to choose this particular research topic?

I stumbled upon some research papers by dentists that really caught my attention, especially those focused on oral squamous cell carcinoma. I found them incredibly fascinating, and they ignited a strong desire in me to dive into similar research. However, being a final-year student, I was a bit lost when it came to choosing the right topic. So, when I approached my teacher for help in finding a suitable research topic, she was kind enough to suggest something related to oral cancer. I was absolutely thrilled and excited about the prospect of delving into this subject!

How did you become interested in the ICMR STS program, and whatwas your application process like?

I got really interested in the ICMR STS program after I read Anisha Valli’s interview in the IDA student magazine. It just sounded so intriguing and different from the typical college experiences that everyone was talking about. I was eager to break away from the norm and explore something unique, something that most people weren’t even considering. Plus, I had this strong urge to try out different opportunities and really find what I was passionate about. This determination of mine was what kept me going and made me decide to go for the program no matter what. Now, the application process, I won’t lie, it was quite challenging. At first, I didn’t have a clue about many aspects of it. But as time went on, I started to grasp it better and learn so much along the way.

How did you design your research proposal and select yourmethodology?

I worked closely with my mentor, Professor Dr. Priya Kumar, from the Oral Pathology and Microbiology Department at Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences to develop my research proposal and methodology. I also reached out to some postgraduate students in the PhD department for help with the tricky statistical analysis, which I initially found quite challenging to wrap my head around. But as I started to see the results, I was not only pleasantly surprised but also found that I was getting a much better understanding of the concepts involved.

Were there any unexpected challenges or obstacles that you encountered during your research process? How did you overcome them?

Absolutely, there were quite a few hurdles I faced during my research journey. To give you some context, I was in the midst of my final year professional exams at that time. Gathering cases, writing up detailed case histories, and collecting patients’ blood reports, among other things, proved to be quite a challenge. I must admit, it was a bit overwhelming for me to handle all of it on my own. Fortunately, I had the support of my amazing parents and friends who pitched in to help me complete the tasks. While many people around me were quick to point out that I might have bitten off more than I could chew by taking on this research project alongside my exams, a few of my closest friends and my parents were my biggest cheerleaders. They believed in me and encouraged me to believe in myself. And you know what? I managed to pull it off! I turned my dream into a reality, and that feeling of accomplishment was truly priceless.

Are there any specific tips or insights you would offer to future STS applicants to increase their chances of success?

To all the future STS candidates out there, I want to stress the importance of giving it a shot, even if you’re feeling a bit overwhelmed and things seem tough. You might be surprised by what could turn into your real passion. Remember, patience is key. Research can’t make progress without your patience and determination. So, keep at it and stay persistent!

Is there anyone you would like to acknowledge or express gratitude to for their support during your research project?

I would begin by expressing my gratitude to Lord Ganesha for granting me the opportunity to pursue this research. Next, I want to extend my heartfelt thanks to my parents for their unwavering support. I am also deeply appreciative of my mentor, Dr. Priya Kumar, and the postgraduate students who played an integral role in ensuring the completeness of this journey.

Riya Verma’s pioneering research exemplifies the power of determination, curiosity, and the unwavering support of loved ones. As she continues her academic pursuits, her future promises further discoveries and contributions to the field of dentistry. Her journey stands as a testament to the boundless potential of young researchers to make a significant impact in healthcare and inspire future generations.

Navigating the Antibiotic Puzzle in Maxillofacial Space Infections

Ah, the world of maxillofacial space infections, where microbes dance in the shadows, and antibiotics become our knights in shining armor. But, my dear readers, the antibiotic quest is no simple tale, for it’s a matter of choosing the right weapon against the unseen invaders.

🧫 Microbial Dance: The Cast of Characters

Antibiotics play a crucial role in the management of maxillofacial space infections. These infections can be caused by a wide variety of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms (Mehedi et al., 2019). The choice of antibiotics should be based on the causative microorganisms and their susceptibility to different antimicrobial agents (Mehedi et al., 2019).

📋 Antibiotic Casting Call: The Right Players

In general, the main empiric antibiotics used for the treatment of oral and maxillofacial infections are amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, metronidazole, and erythromycin (Lee et al., 2022). However, it is important to note that the resistance to amoxicillin in dental infections can range from 9% to 54% (Lee et al., 2022).

🏥 Strategic Timing: Perioperative Antibiotics

In the management of maxillofacial space infections, the use of perioperative antibiotics is recommended to prevent postoperative infections (Lauder et al., 2010). The current standard of care is to administer antibiotics within 2 hours before surgery, as this has been shown to reduce the rates of surgical site infections (Lauder et al., 2010). However, the use of additional antibiotics outside the perioperative timeframe does not reduce the rate of postoperative infections (Lauder et al., 2010). It is worth noting that the use of additional antibiotics may be warranted in cases of severe facial trauma with multiple open fracture wounds (Lauder et al., 2010).

🕶️ The Antibiotic Hero: Clindamycin Takes Center Stage

In terms of antibiotic efficacy, a study conducted by found that clindamycin was the most effective single antibiotic, with a sensitivity rate of 90% in cases of orofacial space infections (Mehedi et al., 2019). Other effective single antibiotics included erythromycin (50%) and azithromycin (40%) (Mehedi et al., 2019). However, it is important to note that most orofacial space infections are caused by mixed microorganisms, making it difficult to treat them with a single empirical antibiotic (Mehedi et al., 2019).

🦠 Antibiotic-Resistant Drama: A Growing Plot Twist

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a growing concern in the management of maxillofacial infections. It has been reported that the overuse, abuse, and misuse of antibiotics contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (Yuvaraj, 2015). However, clinical observations have shown that the presence of penicillin-resistant strains in mixed microflora of odontogenic maxillofacial infections does not adversely affect the outcome of treatment when penicillin is prescribed as an adjunct to surgical drainage (Yuvaraj, 2015).

💊 Beyond Antibiotics: Multifaceted Strategies

In addition to antibiotic therapy, other treatment modalities may be used in the management of maxillofacial space infections. These include surgical drainage of the abscess, removal of the source of infection (such as extraction or endodontic therapy of the offending tooth), and the use of herbal anti-edematous agents to reduce post-operative swelling (Dongol et al., 2022; Dar-Odeh et al., 2018).

🔍 In Conclusion: The Script for Success

As the final act approaches, remember that the script for success depends on understanding the microbial ensemble and their antibiotic preferences. Perioperative antibiotics are the opening act, but the choice should be tailored to the situation. Keep an eye on the looming specter of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and let responsible stewardship guide the way.

RESEARCH ARTICLES WITH DOWNLOADABLE LINKS

REFERENCES

Dar-Odeh, N., Abu-Hammad, S., & Abu-Hammad, O. (2018). Herbal anti-edematous agents for certain cases of facial cellulitis of odontogenic origin. clinical recommendation.. The International Arabic Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.3823/825 Dongol, A., Bhattarai, N., Yadav, A., Acharya, P., Mahato, V., & Jaisani, M. (2022). Microbial flora and their antibiotic susceptibility in oral and maxillofacial infections at bpkihs: a prospective observational study. Journal of Bp Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, 5(1), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.3126/jbpkihs.v5i1.43381 Lauder, A., Jalisi, S., Spiegel, J., Stram, J., & Devaiah, A. (2010). Antibiotic prophylaxis in the management of complex midface and frontal sinus trauma. The Laryngoscope, 120(10), 1940-1945. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.21081 Lee, H., Moon, S., Oh, J., Choi, H., Park, S., Kim, T., … & You, J. (2022). Eskape pathogens in oral and maxillofacial infections. Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain, 47(1), 52-61. https://doi.org/10.14476/jomp.2022.47.1.52 Mehedi, A., Chowdhury, G., Rab, A., & Haider, I. (2019). Evaluation of efficiency of conventional empirical antimicrobial regimen for the management of maxillofacial fascial space infection. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh, 11(2), 47-54. https://doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v11i2.39823 Yuvaraj, V. (2015). Maxillofacial infections of odontogenic origin: epidemiological, microbiological and therapeutic factors in an indian population. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, 68(4), 396-399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-015-0823-x

Fracture strength of roots instrumented with ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, and ProTaper Gold systems has been the subject of several studies. These studies have evaluated the influence of different factors on the quality of root canal preparation and the incidence of instrument fractures.

Duque et al. (2017) took a deep dive into the influence of NiTi wire in these systems on root canal preparation quality. Spoiler alert: it matters! 🧐

One study by Duque et al. (2017) aimed to evaluate the influence of the NiTi wire in ProTaper Universal (PTU) and ProTaper Gold (PTG) instrument systems on the quality of root canal preparation. The study used high-definition microcomputed tomography to scan twelve mandibular molars with separate mesial canals. The PTU and PTG instruments were used to shape twelve mesial canals each. The canals were scanned after preparation with F2 and F3 instruments of the PTU and PTG systems. The study found that the NiTi wire in both systems had an influence on the quality of root canal preparation.

Machado et al. (2018) did some detective work, analyzing when and where instrument fractures occurred. Surprise, surprise – operator experience played a role! 👨‍⚕️🔍

Another study by Machado et al. (2018) retrospectively analyzed the incidence of ProTaper Universal System instrument fractures. The study analyzed charts, clinical record cards, and radiographs of endodontic treatments performed using the ProTaper Universal System. The study found a low incidence of instrument fractures and identified the arch, group of teeth, and root thirds in which these fractures occurred.

In a similar study by (Machado et al., 2018), the incidence of ProTaper Universal System instrument fractures was evaluated in relation to the arch, group of teeth, and root thirds. The study aimed to evaluate the null hypothesis that complexity results in greater rotary flexure of the instrument, thereby concentrating the forces of stress that may cause premature failure of the NiTi alloy.

Analyzing the incidence of fracture of ProTaper Universal System instruments, Machado et al. (2018)found that the experience of the operators was one of the main reasons associated with higher instrument fracture rates. The study compared the fracture rates with previous studies and identified the operators’ experience as a contributing factor.

Siddique et al. (2020) went into battle against bacteria, testing these systems for their antibacterial prowess. XPendo Shaper emerged as the hero! 🦠💪

Siddique et al. (2020) conducted a clinical trial to compare the antibacterial effectiveness of three rotary file systems, including ProTaper Next, ProTaper Gold, and XPendo Shaper. The study used real-time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness in root canals of teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. The study found that XPendo Shaper showed better intracanal bacterial reduction than ProTaper Gold.

In another study by (Siddique et al., 2020), the effectiveness of ProTaper Next in bacterial reduction was affirmed by various in vitro studies. The study compared ProTaper Next with other file systems and found that ProTaper Next had higher bacterial reduction than Twisted file, ProTaper Universal, and manual techniques.

Milani et al. (2022) tested the resilience of teeth prepared with these systems and found that they didn’t all hold up the same. Different strokes for different folks, or in this case, teeth! 😬💥

The fracture resistance of roots prepared with ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, and ProTaper Gold rotary files was compared in a study by (Milani et al., 2022). The study evaluated the fracture resistance of fifty-six single-canal premolar teeth prepared with the three file systems. The study found differences in the fracture resistance of the teeth prepared with the different file systems.

Devi et al. (2021) looked for cracks induced by these systems during root canal prep. ProTaper got caught red-handed causing cracks in 25% of cases! 😱

Devi et al. (2021) conducted an in vitro study to assess dentinal defects induced by ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Gold, and Hyflex electric discharge machining (EDM) rotary file systems during root canal preparation. The study observed cracks in 25% of the roots instrumented with ProTaper at the apical root surface. The study compared the incidence of dentinal microcracks resulting from the use of different file systems.

Miguéns-Vila et al. (2017) inspected micro-cracks caused by ProTaper NEXT and ProTaper Universal and found that the control group had squeaky-clean roots! 😁🔍

The incidence of dentinal micro-cracks resulting from the use of ProTaper NEXT and ProTaper Universal systems was evaluated in a study by (Miguéns-Vila et al., 2017). The study used LED transillumination to analyze dentinal micro-crack formation at different points in the root canal. The study found no root defects in the control group.

Yusufoğlu et al. (2019) compared fracture resistance after using ProTaper and One Shape systems, showing that round cross-sectioned root canals are less likely to break a sweat! 💪🦷

The fracture resistance of roots enlarged with ProTaper and One Shape rotary systems was compared in an in vitro study by (Yusufoğlu et al., 2019). The study evaluated the fracture resistance of roots filled with different sealers. The study found that a round cross-sectioned root canal resulted in more homogeneous stress distribution and increased fracture resistance.

Agrawal et al. (2022) put these systems to the fatigue test, with Hyflex EDM emerging as the Iron Man of files! 🦾💥

Agrawal et al. (2022) conducted a study to compare the fracture resistance of Hyflex EDM, Neolix Neo NiTi, ProTaper Next, and ProTaper Gold files. The study evaluated the cyclic fatigue resistance of the different file systems and found that Hyflex EDM OneFile instruments showed greater cyclic fatigue resistance than ProTaper Gold Primary instruments, as well as ProTaper Next and Neolix NiTi.

In conclusion, several studies have evaluated the fracture strength of roots instrumented with ProTaper Universal, ProTaper Next, and ProTaper Gold systems. These studies have examined factors such as the influence of the NiTi wire, incidence of instrument fractures, antibacterial effectiveness, dentinal defects, and fracture resistance. The results of these studies provide valuable insights into the performance and characteristics of these rotary file systems.

Hey, dental explorers! 🌟 Let’s journey into the captivating realm of implant cast accuracy and the intricate interplay between implant angulations and impression techniques! 🦷🔬

The literature is buzzing with studies unveiling the secrets of digital vs. conventional implant impressions and the impact of those pesky implant angles on accuracy.

📚 Basaki et al. (2017) dived into digital vs. conventional impressions. For digital magic, angulation wasn’t a game-changer. But in the conventional realm, the material, connection type, and a dash of angulation might have stirred the accuracy potion.

Basaki et al. (2017) conducted a study comparing the accuracy of digital and conventional implant impression approaches. They found that for a digital impression approach, where material strain is not a concern, implant angulation did not have a significant influence on impression accuracy. This finding is consistent with previous studies that have also reported no effect of implant angulation on digital impression accuracy. However, the lack of influence on the error in the conventional approach could be potentially explained by the moderate angulation, choice of the impression material, and implant connection type.

🔍 Martínez-Rus et al. (2013) took on multiple implant systems and found metal-splinted direct technique ruling the accuracy charts. The journey went from most accurate to less-so with acrylic resin-splinted, indirect, and unsplinted direct methods.

Martínez-Rus et al. (2013) evaluated the effect of four implant-level impression techniques on the accuracy of definitive casts for a multiple internal connection implant system with different implant angulations and subgingival depths. They found that the metal-splinted direct technique produced the most accurate casts, followed by the acrylic resin-splinted direct, indirect, and unsplinted direct techniques. The study also reported that the accuracy of impressions for internal connection implants decreased as the divergence angle between implants increased.

🔬 Elshenawy et al. (2018) faced angulated implants head-on. Distortion danced with angulation, and unsplinted vs. acrylic resin-splinted techniques fought it out. Up to 15°, direct methods scored in accuracy.

Elshenawy et al. (2018) conducted a study comparing the dimensional accuracy of casts obtained from three impression techniques for three definitive lower casts with implants at different angulations. They found that implant angulation affected the impression accuracy, with increased angulation resulting in increased distortion. The study also reported that the direct unsplinted technique and direct acrylic resin-splinted technique exhibited more accuracy compared to the indirect technique when angulation of implants increased up to 15°.

🌐 Arora et al. (2019) explored parallel vs. angulated implants in the splinted vs. nonsplinted battle. The crown? Splinted technique won in angulated implants, staying true to parallel’s perfection.

Arora et al. (2019) evaluated the accuracy of implant casts generated with splinted and nonsplinted impression techniques with multiple parallel and nonparallel implants. They found that the splinted technique in angulated implants exhibited greater accuracy compared to the nonsplinted technique in parallel implants. This finding was consistent with previous studies that reported less accurate impressions with angulated implants than parallel implants.

📊 Parameshwari et al. (2018) simulated unilateral partially edentulous scenarios. The pick-up technique charmed for multiple angulated implants.

Parameshwari et al. (2018) investigated the effects of implant angulation, type of impression material, and tray selection on impression accuracy in simulated master casts of unilateral partially edentulous situations. They found that there was no statistically significant difference in the accuracy of pick-up non-splinted and transfer techniques when there were three or fewer implants, but the pick-up technique produced superior accuracy for multiple implants with implant angulation more than 20 degrees.

In a nutshell, the harmony of implant cast accuracy is a symphony composed of angulation, impression technique, material, and the magic of digital vs. conventional. Remember, digital might be less angulation-sensitive. And whether you’re picking up or transferring, the choice matters in the land of precision! 🧙‍♀️🏰

Arora, A., Upadhyaya, V., Parashar, K., Malik, D. (2019). Evaluation Of the Effect Of Implant Angulations And Impression Techniques On Implant Cast Accuracy – An In Vitro Study. The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society, 2(19), 149. https://doi.org/10.4103/jips.jips_337_18 Basaki, K., Alkumru, H., Souza, G., Finer, Y. (2017). Accuracy Of Digital Vs Conventional Implant Impression Approach: a Three-dimensional Comparative In Vitro Analysis. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 4(32), 792-799. https://doi.org/10.11607/jomi.5431 Elshenawy, E., Alam-Eldein, A., Elfatah, F. (2018). Cast Accuracy Obtained From Different Impression Techniques At Different Implant Angulations (In Vitro Study). International Journal of Implant Dentistry, 1(4). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-018-0118-6 Martínez-Rus, F., García, C., Santamaría, A., Özcan, M., Pradíes, G. (2013). Accuracy Of Definitive Casts Using 4 Implant-level Impression Techniques In a Scenario Of Multi-implant System With Different Implant Angulations And Subgingival Alignment Levels. Implant Dentistry, 3(22), 268-276. https://doi.org/10.1097/id.0b013e3182920dc5 Parameshwari, G., Chittaranjan, B., Sudhir, N., Ck, A., Taruna, M., M, R. (2018). Evaluation Of Accuracy Of Various Impression Techniques and Impression Materials In Recording Multiple Implants Placed Unilaterally In A Partially Edentulous Mandible- An In Vitro Study. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry, 0-0. https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.54726

Hey, dental enthusiasts! 🌟 Let’s talk endodontic therapy and the power of different instrumentation techniques! 🦷💪

One study compared Mtwo and ProTaper rotary systems with manual instruments in primary teeth. Guess what? No big differences in cleaning efficiency! 😮 But ProTaper was better in the coronal and middle thirds than the apical third! 🔄🎯 Another study checked out continuous rotary, reciprocating rotary, and manual instruments in primary molars. Rotary instruments took the lead! They provided superior canal cleanliness, faster prep time, and better shaping efficacy! 🏆🌀 And rotary instruments have even more perks! They’re more convenient, making them perfect for kids’ root canal treatment! 🧒👌 Plus, they cause fewer canal issues and maintain better centering than hand instruments! 🎉🚀 But don’t worry, fam! Manual and rotary techniques are both safe for primary molars with no significant root resorption! 🌈 So, whether it’s manual or rotary, you’ve got options to rock those root canals! 🎸💙 Stay tuned for more dental updates! 😁✨

In the field of endodontic therapy, the effectiveness of different instrumentation techniques has been a topic of interest. One study by compared the cleaning capacity of two rotary systems, Mtwo and ProTaper, with manual instruments in primary teeth (Azar et al., 2012). The study found that there were no significant differences in cleaning efficiency between manual and rotary instruments. However, ProTaper files performed better in the coronal and middle thirds of the root canal compared to the apical third (Azar et al., 2012). Another study by investigated the cleaning efficacy, shaping ability, preparation time, and file deformation of continuous rotary, reciprocating rotary, and manual instrumentations in primary molars (Ramazani et al., 2016). The study found that rotary instrumentation provided superior canal cleanliness and required less time for completion of canal preparation compared to manual instrumentation (Ramazani et al., 2016). Additionally, the study found that reciprocating rotary instruments displayed better shaping efficacy compared to manual instruments (Ramazani et al., 2016).

Furthermore, the use of rotary instruments in endodontic treatment has several advantages. found that rotary files are more convenient to use and can facilitate root canal preparation, making them more appropriate for use in children (Mehlawat et al., 2019). Additionally, rotary instruments have been shown to cause fewer canal transportation and maintain better canal centering compared to hand instruments (Goel et al., 2019). This is important for successful root canal treatment as efficient canal preparation is key (Ramazani et al., 2016).

In terms of primary molars, the effectiveness of different instrumentation techniques has also been studied. A study by compared the effectiveness of manual and rotary instrumentation techniques in primary molars (Daher et al., 2015). The study found that both manual and rotary instrumentation techniques were safe procedures for primary molars without significant root resorption (Daher et al., 2015). Another study by compared the cleaning efficacy, shaping ability, preparation time, and file deformation of different instrumentation techniques in primary molars (Ramazani et al., 2016). The study found that rotary files exhibited greater potential in terms of cleaning efficacy, shaping ability, and preparation time compared to manual files (Ramazani et al., 2016). Additionally, the study found that reciprocating rotary instruments displayed better shaping efficacy compared to manual instruments (Ramazani et al., 2016).

Overall, the studies suggest that rotary instrumentation techniques, such as the use of Mtwo, ProTaper, and reciprocating rotary files, can provide effective cleaning and shaping of root canals in primary molars. These techniques offer advantages such as better canal cleanliness, shorter treatment times, and improved shaping efficacy compared to manual instrumentation. However, it is important to consider individual patient factors and the specific characteristics of the tooth being treated when selecting the appropriate instrumentation technique.

Azar, M., Safi, L., Nikaein, A. (2012). Comparison Of the Cleaning Capacity Of Mtwo And Protaper Rotary Systems And Manual Instruments In Primary Teeth. Dental Research Journal, 2(9), 146. https://doi.org/10.4103/1735-3327.95227 Daher, A., Viana, K., Leles, C., Costa, L. (2015). Ineffectiveness Of Antibiotic-based Pulpotomy For Primary Molars: a Survival Analysis. Pesquisa Brasileira Em Odontopediatria E Clínica Integrada, 1(15), 205-215. https://doi.org/10.4034/pboci.2015.151.22 Goel, A., Tikku, A., Chandra, A. (2019). Comparative Evaluation Of Canal Transportation and Centering Ability Of Three Single File Systems. Ip Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics, 3(4), 86-90. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijce.2019.020 Mehlawat, R., Kapoor, R., Gandhi, K., Kumar, D., Malhotra, R., Ahuja, S. (2019). Comparative Evaluation Of Instrumentation Timing and Cleaning Efficacy In Extracted Primary Molars Using Manual And Niti Rotary Technique – Invitro Study. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, 2(9), 151-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2019.03.003 Ramazani, N., Mohammadi, A., Amirabadi, F., Ramazani, M., Ehsani, F. (2016). In Vitro Investigation Of the Cleaning Efficacy, Shaping Ability, Preparation Time And File Deformation Of Continuous Rotary, Reciprocating Rotary And Manual Instrumentations In Primary Molars. Journal of Dental Research Dental Clinics Dental Prospects, 1(10), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.15171/joddd.2016.008

The influence of heat treatment of nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments on the accuracy of electronic apex locators (EALs) integrated with endodontic motors has been the subject of several studies. Gavini et al. (2022)conducted a study to evaluate the influence of different heat treatments of NiTi instruments and the diameter of the apical preparation on the accuracy of an EAL used during root canal preparation. The study found that the heat treatment and the diameter of the apical preparation did not influence the accuracy of working length determination by an EAL integrated with the endodontic motor (Gavini et al., 2022).

Heo et al. (2022) investigated the accuracy of two electronic apex locators (DentaPort and Bingo) using heat-treated NiTi files. The study compared the true root canal length determined using K files with the electronically measured length using two different NiTi files (ProGlider and HyFlex EDM Glide Path File) and two electronic apex locators. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the measurements with different NiTi files or electronic apex locators, and all differences between the true root canal length and electronically measured length were within ±0.5 mm (Heo et al., 2022).

Similarly, Sadeghi & Abolghasemi (2010) evaluated the accuracy of the Raypex5 electronic apex locator using stainless-steel hand K-files versus nickel-titanium rotary Mtwo files. The study aimed to assess the accuracy of the apex locator when different types of files were used interchangeably. The results showed that there was no significant difference in accuracy between the two types of files (Sadeghi & Abolghasemi, 2010).

Overall, the available literature suggests that the heat treatment of NiTi instruments does not significantly affect the accuracy of electronic apex locators in determining the working length during root canal preparation. The accuracy of electronic apex locators is not adversely affected by the presence of irrigation solutions used during root canal therapy (Al-Hadlaq, 2011). These findings provide reassurance to clinicians regarding the accuracy and reliability of electronic apex locators integrated with endodontic motors in determining the working length during root canal treatment.