Bruxism, which is characterized by the repetitive clenching or grinding of teeth, is a common phenomenon that can have negative consequences on oral health and overall well-being (Yap & Chua, 2016). It is important to manage bruxism to prevent dental problems such as tooth wear, fractures of dental restorations, and pain in the oro-facial region (Koyano et al., 2008). The management strategies for bruxism mainly focus on reducing the potential negative consequences and controlling the symptoms associated with bruxism (Gouw et al., 2018).

One approach to managing bruxism is through the use of occlusal splints or oral appliances. Occlusal splints are commonly used for the diagnosis and treatment of bruxism, and they work by providing a protective barrier between the upper and lower teeth, reducing the impact of grinding and clenching (Ali et al., 2023). These splints can be effective in preventing tooth wear and reducing muscle pain and headaches associated with bruxism (Raby et al., 2018). However, it is important to note that occlusal splints do not eliminate bruxism, but rather serve as a means of managing its consequences (Raby et al., 2018).

Another management strategy for bruxism is the use of botulinum toxin injections into the masseter muscles. This treatment temporarily reduces the frequency of bruxism events and can provide relief from symptoms such as muscle pain and headaches (Serrera-Figallo et al., 2020). However, it is important to note that the current treatment modalities for bruxism are not effective and feasible for most patients with sleep bruxism (Gouw et al., 2018). Therefore, a multimodal approach that combines different treatment modalities may be recommended for managing bruxism (Gouw et al., 2018).

In addition to these treatment modalities, it is important to consider the underlying causes and contributing factors of bruxism. Bruxism is believed to be regulated centrally, with pathophysiological and psychosocial factors playing a role in its development (Yap & Chua, 2016). Stress sensitivity and anxious personality traits have been identified as potential factors that may contribute to bruxism activities and temporomandibular pain (Manfredini et al., 2017). Therefore, addressing these factors through stress management techniques, relaxation training, and behavioral therapy may be beneficial in managing bruxism (Kumar et al., 2022).

Furthermore, the management of bruxism should also take into consideration the potential impact on dental restorations and implants. Bruxism is considered a contraindication for dental implants, as it may cause overload and failure of the implants (Lobbezoo et al., 2006). Therefore, careful consideration should be given to the use of dental implants in patients with bruxism, and protective measures such as occlusal guards may be recommended to minimize the risk of implant failure (Yang et al., 2022).

It is worth noting that the management of bruxism should be tailored to the individual patient, taking into account their specific needs and circumstances. The use of observational and non-interventional management strategies may be appropriate for younger children, as the majority of bruxist children do not continue to brux during adolescence and adulthood (Manfredini et al., 2013). On the other hand, adults with bruxism may require more comprehensive management strategies to address the consequences of bruxism and alleviate symptoms (Manfredini et al., 2019).

In conclusion, the management of bruxism involves a combination of strategies aimed at reducing the negative consequences of bruxism and controlling its symptoms. These strategies may include the use of occlusal splints, botulinum toxin injections, stress management techniques, and behavioral therapy. It is important to tailor the management approach to the individual patient and consider the potential impact on dental restorations and implants. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying causes of bruxism and develop more effective treatment modalities.

References:

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