Revolutionizing Periodontal Regeneration: The Power of Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF)”

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous platelet concentrate that has been studied for its potential in improving the effect of periodontal regeneration (Chen et al., 2021). PRF is a type of platelet concentrate that is easy to obtain and cost-effective (Chen et al., 2021). It has been validated as an entirely autologous, injectable cell delivery system that overcomes histocompatibility issues related to synthetic scaffolds (Chen & Liu, 2016). PRF is non-cytotoxic, biocompatible, and non-immunogenic, making it suitable for use in tissue engineering (Chen & Liu, 2016). It has been characterized morphologically, in terms of cell content and protein composition, to better understand its clinical effects and improve clinical guidelines for various medical applications (Varela et al., 2018).

PRF has been investigated for its antimicrobial efficacy in the treatment of periodontal soft- and hard-tissue regeneration (Kour et al., 2018). It has been compared to other platelet concentrates, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF), and has shown similar effectiveness in periodontal bone regeneration (Lei et al., 2019). The use of PRF in combination with other agents, such as 1% alendronate, has been proposed to enhance bone formation and reduce bone resorption in regenerative periodontal treatment (Li et al., 2019). However, there is a lack of evidence-based studies to determine the superiority of this concurrent application (Li et al., 2019).

PRF has been shown to promote craniofacial bone regeneration through the activation of the Runx2 pathway (Li et al., 2014). It is a second-generation platelet concentrate that is prepared from centrifuged blood and is strictly autologous (Li et al., 2014). PRF has been investigated as a wound healing promoter in various clinical applications, including periodontal regeneration (Tavelli et al., 2022). It is one of the autologous platelet concentrates that are generated after the centrifugation of the patient’s blood to obtain fractions containing a supraphysiologic concentration of platelets and growth factors (Tavelli et al., 2022).

Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (I-PRF) is a liquid autologous platelet concentrate that has been introduced as a low-cost alternative to PRF (Alshoiby et al., 2023). It has been used in combination with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with stage-III periodontitis (Alshoiby et al., 2023). I-PRF contains growth/differentiation factors, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which promote periodontal repair and regeneration (Alshoiby et al., 2023).

PRF has been studied in the context of dental tissue engineering, where it has shown potential for use in tooth rejuvenation and the enhancement of osteogenic differentiation (Zhao & Gao, 2023). It has been injected into the root canal of necrotic teeth and has been found to promote dentinal wall thickening, root extension, reduction of periapical lesions, and apical closure (Zhao & Gao, 2023). Additionally, PRF has been used in combination with collagen chitosan hydrogel to promote alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition in osteoblast-like cell lines (Sidharta et al., 2023).

The efficacy of PRF in periodontal regeneration has been evaluated in various clinical trials and systematic reviews. A systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the use of PRF in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects and found positive effects on clinical and radiological outcomes (Chen et al., 2021). Another systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the clinical efficacy of PRF in periodontal regeneration and found significant improvements in probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level (Oza et al., 2023). A randomized controlled clinical trial compared the use of injectable PRF with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft to demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft alone in intrabony defects and found significant improvements in pocket probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bone fill with the combination treatment (Alshoiby et al., 2023).

In conclusion, PRF is an autologous platelet concentrate that has been studied for its potential in periodontal regeneration. It has been characterized morphologically, in terms of cell content and protein composition, and has been shown to be non-cytotoxic, biocompatible, and non-immunogenic. PRF has been compared to other platelet concentrates and has shown similar effectiveness in periodontal bone regeneration. It has been used in combination with other agents, such as 1% alendronate and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft, to enhance bone formation and reduce bone resorption. PRF has been investigated in various clinical trials and systematic reviews, which have demonstrated its positive effects on clinical and radiological outcomes in periodontal regeneration.

References:

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