The occluding effects of dentinal tubules have been extensively studied in the literature. Various materials and techniques have been evaluated for their effectiveness in occluding dentinal tubules and reducing dentin hypersensitivity.

Chen et al. [1] compared the effectiveness of red propolis extract (RPE), calcium sodium phosphosilicate (Novamin), and arginine-calcium carbonate (ACC) in occluding dentine tubules. They found that RPE demonstrated a higher degree of occlusion following acid challenge, while ACC showed more occlusion following treatment.

Davies et al [2] evaluated the efficacy of an arginine-containing dentifrice, two strontium-based products, and a fluoride control in occluding dentinal tubules. The study used dentine specimens with patent tubules and found that all the tested pastes were effective in occluding the tubules when subjected to acid challenge.

Bae et al. [3] investigated the effects of poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-coated mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (PAMAM@MBN) on dentin remineralization. The study demonstrated that PAMAM@MBN had a better occluding effect for dentinal tubules compared to mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBN).

Mahmoodi et al. [4] conducted a quantitative assessment of dentine mineralization and tubule occlusion by NovaMin and stannous fluoride. They compared different in-vitro techniques and found that current techniques used to determine tubule occlusion do not provide the depth of occlusion and are time-consuming and expensive.

Yu et al. [5] developed epigallocatechin-3-gallate-encapsulated nanohydroxyapatite/mesoporous silica (EGCG@nHAp@MSN) and evaluated its occluding effects on dentinal tubules. The study demonstrated that EGCG@nHAp@MSN effectively occluded dentinal tubules, reduced dentin permeability, and inhibited the formation and growth of S. mutans biofilm on the dentin surface.

Deus et al. [6] investigated the influence of filling technique on the depth of tubule penetration by root canal sealer. They found that different root-filling techniques influenced the penetration ability of the filling material into the dentinal tubules. Techniques such as the Thermafil system and warm vertical condensation of gutta-percha promoted deeper tubule penetration.

G et al. [7] mentioned that many studies have used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the occlusion of open dentinal tubules after treatment. Numerous studies have focused on the decrease of sensitivity following tubule occlusion.

Berg et al. [8] evaluated the occluding effect and efficacy of amorphous calcium magnesium phosphate (ACMP) particles as an occluding agent. The study demonstrated that ACMP particles incorporated in a gel could penetrate the tubules and occlude exposed tubules.

Tian et al. [9] studied the effect of mesoporous silica nanoparticles on dentinal tubule occlusion. They found that nanomaterials with superior dispersion, such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles, can easily enter dentinal tubules and be prime candidates for tubule occlusion.

Ramos et al. [10] investigated the effect of different toothpastes on the permeability and roughness of eroded dentin. They found that fluoride toothpastes occluded dentinal tubules and increased roughness, with sodium fluoride (NaF) toothpaste promoting a greater decrease in dentin permeability.

In conclusion, various materials and techniques have been studied for their occluding effects on dentinal tubules. These studies have evaluated the effectiveness of different substances, such as red propolis extract, calcium sodium phosphosilicate, arginine-calcium carbonate, poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-coated mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles, epigallocatechin-3-gallate-encapsulated nanohydroxyapatite/mesoporous silica, amorphous calcium magnesium phosphate particles, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The occlusion of dentinal tubules has been shown to reduce dentin hypersensitivity and improve the stability and permeability of the dentin surface. These findings contribute to the understanding of dentin hypersensitivity and provide insights into potential treatments for this common dental condition.

References: [1] Chen, C., Parolia, A., Pau, A., Porto, I. (2015). Comparative Evaluation Of the Effectiveness Of Desensitizing Agents In Dentine Tubule Occlusion Using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Aust Dent J, 1(60), 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.12275 [2] Davies, M., Paice, E., Jones, S., Leary, S., Curtis, A., West, N. (2011). Efficacy Of Desensitizing Dentifrices To Occlude Dentinal Tubules. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 6(119), 497-503. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.2011.00872.x [3] Bae, J., Son, W., Yoo, K., Yoon, S., Bae, M., Lee, D., … & Kim, Y. (2019). Effects Of Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer-coated Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles On Dentin Remineralization. Nanomaterials, 4(9), 591. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9040591 [4] Mahmoodi, B., Goggin, P., Fowler, C., Cook, R. (2020). Quantitative Assessment Of Dentine Mineralization and Tubule Occlusion By Novamin And Stannous Fluoride Using Serial Block Face Scanning Electron Microscopy. J Biomed Mater Res, 5(109), 717-722. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.34737 [5] Yu, J., Yang, H., Li, K., Lei, J., Huang, C. (2017). Development Of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-encapsulated Nanohydroxyapatite/mesoporous Silica For Therapeutic Management Of Dentin Surface. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 31(9), 25796-25807. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b06597 [6] Deus, G., Gurgel-Filho, E., Maniglia-Ferreira, C., Coulinho‐Filho, T. (2004). The Influence Of Filling Technique On Depth Of Tubule Penetration By Root Canal Sealer: a Study Using Light Microscopy And Digital Image Processing. Australian Endodontic Journal, 1(30), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4477.2004.tb00164.x [7] G, K., A, L., N, A. (2013). An In Vitro Sem Study On the Effect Of Bleaching Gel Enriched With Novamin On Whitening Of Teeth And Dentinal Tubule Occlusion. JCDR. https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2013/5831.3841 [8] Berg, C., Unosson, E., Engqvist, H., Xia, W. (2020). Amorphous Calcium Magnesium Phosphate Particles For Treatment Of Dentin Hypersensitivity: a Mode Of Action Study. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng., 6(6), 3599-3607. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00262 [9] Tian, L., Peng, C., Shi, Y., Guo, X., Zhong, B., Qi, J., … & Cui, F. (2014). Effect Of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles On Dentinal Tubule Occlusion: An In Vitro Study Using Sem and Image Analysis. Dent. Mater. J., 1(33), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2013-215 [10] Ramos, F., Delbem, A., Santos, P., Moda, M., Briso, A., Fagundes, T. (2022). Effect Of Different Toothpastes On Permeability and Roughness Of Eroded Dentin. AOL, 3(35), 229-237. https://doi.org/10.54589/aol.35/3/229