Oral Pathology

Dental Caries Pathology – NEET Pearls from Dentest

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  1. The widely accepted theory of dental caries is the acidogenic theory 
  2. Miller put forth the acidogenic theory of dental caries in the year = 1890
  3. The chemo-parasitic theory of dental caries is proposed by = MILLER
  4. The widely accepted theory of dental caries = Proteolytic chelation theory
  5. Environmental factors that contribute to dental caries include = nutrition, oral hygiene, fluoride and toothbrush abrasion 
  6. Sucrose = has been determined to be the most cariogenic carbohydrate 
  7. Streptococcus mutans synthesizes levans from = fructose
  8. Bacteria that adhere to tooth and cause caries is due to = the production of extracellular polysaccharides or dextrans 
  9. The extracellular polysaccharide synthesized by cariogenic streptococci in the presence of excess sucrose is best described as = dextran like glucan**
  10. Starch is considered to be less cariogenic than monosaccharides and disaccharides because = it does not diffuse through plaque
  11. Sorbitol acts in the prevention of dental caries by = microorganisms that lack the enzyme to metabolise sorbitol 
  12. Xylitol is a low-calorie sweetener that inhibits the growth of Streptococcus mutans
  13.  On average in the saliva of an adult man, the lactobacilli count is 70000 per ml 
  14. Pathology of dental caries is more closely related to = SUPRA-gingival plaque
  15. Pathology of periodontal disease is more closely related to = SUB- gingival plaque and Marginal plaque
  16.  Re-mineralisation of the tooth surface is associated with the following component of saliva = Histadine and Statherin
  17. STEPHAN’s CURVE
    1. the pH of the plaque = is related to the caries incidence and sugar intake of Stephan’s curve
    2. Stephan’s curve denotes the relationship between = plaque pH and glucose rinse 
    3. pH at 5.2-5.5 = initiation of caries begins
    4. TRUE STATEMENTS
      1. It depends on the amount of calcium and phosphorous in the saliva
      2. Bicarbonates are the chief buffer of saliva 
      3. At the highest pH, there is a net loss of minerals from the teeth
      4. pH = 5.5 
    5. The high viscosity of saliva is related to increasing caries in children is partially true 
    6. In a patient with reduced salivary flow, the caries incidence is = more than the patient with normal salivary flow 
    7. In carries free individuals, the saliva has = a high buffering capacity for acids
    8. The total caries experience in permanent teeth is greater in females than in males of the same age group. The reverse is applied to primary teeth
    9. Initiation of dental caries depends upon = the localization of acid over the tooth surface 
    10. For a bacterium to be seriously considered in the aetiology of dental caries it must = exist regularly in the dental plaque 
  18. MICROORGANISMS
    1. Streptococcus mutans
      1. It is considered to be a principal etiological agent of caries because it produces = organic acids and forms a gelatinous matrix 
      2. S. Sanguis, S.mitor, S.salivarius, S.milleri and Pepto streptococcus** = involved in the initiation of dental caries
      3. The enzyme glycosyl transferase secreted by S.mutans synthesizes glucans from = SUCROSE
    2. Lactobacillus acidophilus
      1. are numerous in caries lesions because they are = secondary invaders and help in the progression of caries, do not initiate smooth surface caries
      2. It is thought to be one of the etiological agents of dental caries because it is = both acidogenic and acidocuric
      3. The salivary peroxidase system is known to be effective against = lactobacillus acidophilus 
    3.  Organisms involved in deep smooth surface carries = Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus 
    4. Actinomyces Viscosis and Lactobacillus = Initiates root surface caries***
  19. Smooth surface caries are characterized by the spread of caries in enamel and dentin as CONES, the alignment of the cone is = Apex to base 
  20. SELENIUM = Dental caries is higher in persons residing in seleniferous areas 
  21. Traces of molybdenum and vanadium in the diet may reduce the incidence of caries
  22. The anti-cariogenic mineral is = vanadium 
  23. In the early stages of the carious lesion. 
    1. Pioneer bacteria are seen in the area of = Dentinal Tubules/Dentin
    2. Early invading bacteria in carious lesion = Pioneer bacteria
    3. There is loss of = Interprismatic substance** of enamel with the increased prominence of rods 
    4. Accentuation of incremental lines of retizus is seen
    5. Clinically the earliest manifestation in an area of a calcification = resembles a smooth chalky white area 
  24. DENTINAL CARIES
    1. Microscopic zones of dentinal caries starting from DEJ = Bacterial invasion, de-calcification zone and zone of sclerosis 
    2. Miller’s liquefaction foci are present in = Dentinal caries in advanced cases
    3. The first zone to be found in dentinal caries = Miller’s liquefaction foci
    4. The clinical significance of sclerotic dentin is that = it is resistant to carries 
    5. Number of dentinal zones = 5
    6. Turbid dentin in carious tooth 
      1. Zone of bacterial invasion
      2. Zone which cannot be remineralised
      3. Zone in which collagen is irreversibly denatured
    7. Bacteria-free zone of dentinal caries = Zone of dentinal sclerosis 
  25. The lateral spread of caries is facilitated mostly by = dentino-enamel Junction 
  26. Mandibular 1st molar = Tooth in permanent dentition which is more susceptible to dental caries
  27. Mandibular 2nd Molar = Tooth in primary dentition which is more susceptible to dental caries
  28.  The maxillary arch is more frequently involved by caries than the mandible arch
  29. Probable reasons for a high incidence of dental caries in the teenage population relate more directly to = the frequency of sucrose intake
  30. The shape of the cervical form of dental caries = CRESCENT
  31. The most common surface involved in root carries in the maxillary arch is= the Proximal 
  32. Odontoclasia is = Linear enamel caries
  33. More number of microorganisms is seen = EARLY MORNING due to the long, overnight incubation period.
  34. Most pronounced effect on the oral microflora of reduction in the rate of salivary flow = Shift towards in rate of salivary flow
  35. Ammonia causes = a decrease in plaque formation
  36. Cavity formation in a tooth, due to dental caries is due to = Lateral spread of caries along DEJ and weakening of the outer covering enamel.
  37. Animals maintained in germ-free environments did not develop caries even when fed on a high carbohydrate diet given by = Orland and Fitzgerald
  38. Attachment of actinomyces species to the tooth surface is facilitated by fimbriae 
  39. The type of caries which are not clinically diagnosed but detected only on radiographs = OCCULT caries
  40. Linear enamel caries lesions in deciduous teeth predominate in = Maxillary anterior teeth

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