🔹 Etiology:

➡️ Proposed by Straith & Lewis:-

1. Abnormal intrauterine development
2. Birth injury (by forceps)
3. Trauma to chin
4. Mal-union of condylar fractures
5. Congenital syphylis
6. Primary inflammation of joint
7. Inflammation secondary to blood stream infection
8. Metastatic malignancy
9. Fractures of the malar–zygomatic compound
10. Loss of tissues with scarring
11. Radiation therapy

🔹 Clinical Features:

• Age: <10 years
• M=F
• Signs & Symptoms:

1. Difficulty in opening mouth to any appreciable extent
2. If complete fusion – absolute limitation of motion
3. Facial deformity

🔹 Radiographic Features: – Abnormal or irregular shape of the head of the condyle & a radiopacity indicative of dense bone filling the joint space.

🔹 Treatment:

• Surgical
• Osteotomy: Removal of section of bone below the condyle
• Fibrous Ankylosis: Functional methods

Dr. Mehnaz Memon🖊

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References: Shafers Textbook Of Oral Pathology 7Ed